AASLD/IDSA HCV guidance panel. Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus. Hepatology. 2015;(62):932-954.

AASLD/IDSA HCV guidance panel, Recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C website. Published 2017. Accessed June 13, 2017 [Internet]. 2017. http://hcvguidelines.org/

AASLD/IDSA HCV guidance panel. Recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C. Updated August 27, 2020. [Internet]. 2020 [cited August 27, 2020]. http://hcvguidelines.org/

AbbVie Inc. Viekira XR [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: AbbVie Inc; 2017.

Abdel-Alem S, ElSharkawy AM, Fouad R, et al. Improvement of glycemic state among responders to sofosbuvir-based treatment regimens: single center experience. J Med Virol. 2017;89:2181-2187.

Aberg JA, Gallant JE, Ghanem KG, Emmanuel P, Zingman BS, Horberg MA. Infectious Disease Society of America. Primary care guidelines for the management of persons infected with HIV: 2013 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(1):e1-34.

Abergel A, Asselah T, Metivier S, Loustaud-Ratti V. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 5 infection: an open-label, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(4):459-464.

Abergel A, Metivier S, Samuel D, et al. Ledipasvir plus sofosbuvir for 12 weeks in patients with hepatitis C genotype 4 infection. Hepatology. 2016;64(4):1049-1056.

Abergel A, Hezode C, Asselah T, et al. A phase 3, global, multicenter, open-label study to investigate the efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir fixed-dose combination for 8 weeks in treatment-naïve, HCV GT1b-infected patients, with non-severe fibrosis: STREAGER. The International Liver Congress. Paris, France; 2018.

Afdhal NH, Zeuzem S, Kwo PY, Chojkier M, Gitlin N, Puoti M, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(20):1889-1898.

Afdhal NH, Reddy KR, Nelson DR, Lawitz EJ, Gordon SC, Schiff ER, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(16):1483-1493.

Afdhal NH, Bacon BR, Patel K, Lawitz EJ, Gordon SC, Nelson DR, et al. Accuracy of fibroscan, compared with histology, in analysis of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B or C: a United States multicenter study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(4):772-779.

Agarwal K, Castells L, Mullhaupt B, et al. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks in genotype 1-4 HCV-infected liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol. 2018;69(3):603-607.

Agnello V, Chung RT, Kaplan LM. A role for hepatitis C virus infection in type II cryoglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(21):1490-1495.

American College of Cardiology Foundation and American Heart Association, Inc. Methodology manual and policies from the ACCF/AHA task force on practice guidelines, Accessed June 13, 2019. 2010 .

Akiyama MJ, Kaba F, Rosner Z, Alper H, Holzman RS, MacDonald R. Hepatitis C screening of the "birth cohort" (born 1945-1965) and younger inmates of New York City jails. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1276-1277.

Akiyama MJ, Norton BL, Arnsten JH, Agyemang L, Heo M, Litwin AH. Intensive models of hepatitis C care for people who inject drugs receiving opioid agonist therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(9):594-603.

Akiyama MJ, Lipsey D, Heo M, et al. Low hepatitis C reinfection following direct-acting antiviral therapy among people who inject drugs on opioid agonist therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70(12):2695-2702.

Allen SA, Spaulding AC, Osei AM, Taylor LE, Cabral AM, Rich JD. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in a state correctional facility. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(3):187-190.

Allison RD, Tong X, Moorman AC, Ly KN, Rupp L, Xu F, et al. Increased incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality among persons with chronic hepatitis C infection, 2006-2010. J Hepatol. 2015;63(4):822-828.

Alonso S, Riveiro-Barciela M, Fernández I, Rincón D, Real Y, Llerena S, et al.. Effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir-based regimens plus an NS5A inhibitor for patients with HCV genotype 3 infection and cirrhosis. Results of a multicenter real-life cohort. J Viral Hepat. 2017;24(4):304 - 311.

Alter MJ, Kruszon-Moran D, Nainan OV, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(8):556-562.

Alter MJ, Kuhnert WL, Finelli L, Finelli L. Guidelines for laboratory testing and result reporting of antibody to hepatitis C virus. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003;52(RR-3):1-13, 15.

Altshuler PJ, Helmers MR, Schiazza AR, et al. HCV-positive allograft use in heart transplantation is associated with increased access to overdose donors and reduced waitlist mortality without compromising outcomes. J Card Fail [Internet]. 2022;28(1):32-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.07.007

Alvarez D, Dieterich D, Brau N, Moores L, Ball L, Sulkowski MS. Zidovudine use but not weight-based ribavirin dosing impacts anaemia during HCV treatment in HIV-infected persons. J Viral Hepat. 2006;13:683-689.

Amon JJ, Garfein RS, Ahdieh-Grant L, Armstrong GL, Ouellet LJ, Latka MH, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users in the United States, 1994-2004. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(12):1852-1858.

Andreone P, Colombo MG, Enejosa JV, Koksal I, Ferenci P, Maieron A, et al. ABT-450, ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir achieves 97% and 100% sustained virologic response with or without ribavirin in treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 1b infection. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(2):359-365.

Aniszewska M, Kowalik-Mikolajewska B, Pokorska-Spiewak M, Marczynska M. Anti-HCV testing as a basic standard of monitoring HCV mother-to-child infection: advantages and disadvantages of the method. Przegl Epidemiol. 2012;66:341-345.

Ankrom W, Sanchez RI, Yee KL, et al. Investigation of pharmacokinetic interactions between doravirine and elbasvir-grazoprevir and ledipasvir-sofosbuvir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(5):e02491-18.

Apers L, Vanden-Berghe W, De Wit S, Kabeya K, Callens S, Buyze J, et al. Risk factors for HCV acquisition among HIV-positive MSM in Belgium. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(5):585-593.

Aqel B, Wijarnpreecha K, Pungpapong S, et al. Outcomes following liver transplantation from HCV-seropositive donors to HCV-seronegative recipients. J Hepatol. 2021;74(4):873-880.

Arai Y, Noda K, Enomoto N, Arai K, Yamada Y, Suzuki K, et al. A prospective study of hepatitis C virus infection after needlestick accidents. Liver. 1996;16(5):331-334.

Arase Y, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, Akuta N, Kobayashi M, Kawamura Y, et al. Sustained virological response reduces incidence of onset of type 2 diabetes in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2009;49(3):739-744.

Araujo AC, Astrakhantseva IV, Fields HA, Kamili S. Distinguishing acute from chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection based on antibody reactivities to specific HCV structural and nonstructural proteins. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(1):54-57.

Aronson I, Bennett A, Marsch LA, Bania TC. Mobile technology to increase HIV/HCV testing and overdose prevention/response among people who inject drugs. Front Public Health. 2017;5:217.

Arora S, Thornton K, Murata G, Deming P, Kalishman S, Dion D, et al. Outcomes of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection by primary care providers. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(23):2199-2207.

Artenie AA, Cunningham EB, Dore GJ, et al. Patterns of drug and alcohol use and injection equipment sharing among people with recent injection drug use or receiving opioid agonist treatment during and following hepatitis C virus treatment with direct-acting antiviral therapies [truncated]. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70(11):2369-2376.

Aspinall EJ, Corson S, Doyle JS, Grebely J, Hutchinson SJ, Dore GJ, et al. Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection among people who are actively injecting drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S80-S89.

Asselah T, Hassanien T, Qadish RB, al. et. A randomized, open-label study to evaluate efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir co-administered with ribavirin in adults with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C infection and cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology. 2015;62(S861).

Asselah T, Hezode C, Qaqish RB, Elkhashab M, Hassanein T, Papatheodoridis G, et al. Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir plus ribavirin in adults with hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection and cirrhosis (AGATE-I): a multicentre, phase 3, randomised open-label trial. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology [Internet]. 2016;1(1):25 - 35. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2468125316300012

Asselah T, Bourgeois S, Pianko S, Zeuzem S, Sulkowski M, Foster GR, et al. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-6 and compensated cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis. Liver Int. 2018;38(3):443-450.

Asselah T, Kowdley KV, Zadeikis N, Wang S, Hassanein T, Horsmans Y, et al. Efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 or 12 weeks in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2, 4, 5, or 6 infection without cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(3):417-426.

Asselah T, Kowdley KV, Zadeikis N, Wang S, Hassanein T, Horsmans Y, et al. Efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 or 12 weeks in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2, 4, 5, or 6 infection without cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(3):417-426.

Asselah T, Reesink H, Gerstoft J, et al. Efficacy of elbasvir and grazoprevir in participants with hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection: a pooled analysis. Liver Int. 2018;38(9):1583-1591.

Asselah T, Lee SS, Yao BB, et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 5 or 6 infection (ENDURANCE-5,6): an open-label, multicentre, phase 3b trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4(1):45-51.

Asselah T, Pol S, Hezode C, et al. Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir for 8 or 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection: a randomized study. Liver Int. 2020;40(5):1042-1051.

Assoumou SA, Tasillo A, Leff JA, Schackman BR, Drainoni M-L, C. Horsburgh R, et al. Cost-effectiveness of one-time hepatitis C screening strategies among adolescents and young adults in primary care settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(3):376-384.

Babatin MA, AlGhamdi AS, Assiri AM, et al. Treatment efficacy of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 8 weeks in non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 patients. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(1):55-60.

Backus LI, Boothroyd DB, Phillips BR, Belperio P, Halloran J, Mole LA. A sustained virologic response reduces risk of all-cause mortality in patients with hepatitis C. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(6):509-516.

Backus LI, Belperio PS, Shahoumian TA, Loomis TP, Mole LA. Real-world effectiveness and predictors of sustained virological response with all-oral therapy in 21,242 hepatitis C genotype-1 patients. Antivir Ther. 2017;22(6):481-493.

Balistreri WF, Murray KF, Rosenthal P, Bansal S, Lin C-H, Kersey K, et al. The safety and effectiveness of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir in adolescents 12-17 years old with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. Hepatology. 2017;66(2):371-378.

Barbosa C, Fraser H, Hoerger TJ, et al. Cost-effectiveness of scaling-up HCV prevention and treatment in the United States for people who inject drugs. Addiction. 2019;114(12):2267-2278.

Bari K, Luckett K, Kaiser T, et al. Hepatitis C transmission from seropositive, nonviremic donors to non-hepatitis C liver transplant recipients. Hepatology. 2018;67(5):1673-1682.

Barocas JA, Tasillo A, Eftekhari-Yazdi G, et al. Population-level outcomes and cost-effectiveness of expanding the recommendation for age-based hepatitis C testing in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(4):549-556.

Barua S, Greenwald R, Grebely J, Dore GJ, Swan T, Taylor LE. Restrictions for Medicaid reimbursement of sofosbuvir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(3):215-223.

Bate JP, Colman AJ, Frost PJ, Shaw DR, Harley HA. High prevalence of late relapse and reinfection in prisoners treated for chronic hepatitis C: relapse in prisoners treated for hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25(7):1276-1280.

Beckman AL, Bilinski A, Boyko R, Camp GM, Wall AT, Lim JK, et al. New hepatitis C drugs are very costly and unavailable to many state prisoners. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(10):1893-1901.

Beckwith CG, Kurth AE, Bazerman LB, Patry EJ, Cates A, Tran L, et al. A pilot study of rapid hepatitis C virus testing in the Rhode Island Department of Corrections. J Public Health. 2016;38(1):130-137.

Bedossa P, Dargère D, Paradis V. Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38(6):1449-1457.

Behairy B-S, Sira MM, Zalata KR, Salama el-SE, Abd-Allah MA. Transient elastography compared to liver biopsy and morphometry for predicting fibrosis in pediatric chronic liver disease: Does etiology matter?. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(16):4238-4249.

Bellentani S, Pozzato G, Saccoccio G, Crovatto M, Croce LS, Mazzoran L, et al. Clinical course and risk factors of hepatitis C virus related liver disease in the general population: report from the Dionysos study. Gut. 1999;44(6):874-880.

Belli LS, Berenguer M, ELITA , Cortesi PA, Strazzabosco M, Rockenschaub S-R, et al. Delisting of liver transplant candidates with chronic hepatitis C after viral eradication: a European study. J Hepatol. 2016;65(3):524-531.

Belperio PS, Shahoumian TA, Loomis TP, Backus LI. Real-world effectiveness of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in 573 direct-acting antiviral experienced hepatitis C patients. J Viral Hepat. 2019;26(8):980-990.

Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Di Martino V, Charlotte F, Azria F, Coutellier A, et al. Liver fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. The Multivirc group. Hepatology. 1999;30(4):1054-1058.

Benhamou Y, Di Martino V, Bochet M, Colombet G, Thibault V, Liou A, et al. Factors affecting liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients: impact of protease inhibitor therapy. Hepatology. 2001;34(2):283-287.

Benova L, Mohamoud YA, Calvert C, Abu-Raddad LJ. Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(6):765-773.

Berenguer M, Palau A, Aguilera V, Rayon JM, Juan FS, Prieto M. Clinical benefits of antiviral therapy in patients with recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2008;8(3):679-687.

Berenguer J, Álvarez-Pellicer J, Martin PM, Lopez-Aldeguer J, Von-Wichmann MA, Quereda C, et al.. Sustained virological response to interferon plus ribavirin reduces liver-related complications and mortality in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. Hepatology. 2009;50(2):407-413.

Berenguer M, Schuppan D. Progression of liver fibrosis in post-transplant hepatitis C: mechanisms, assessment and treatment. J Hepatol. 2013;58(5):1028-1041.

Berg T, Naumann U, Stoehr A, et al. Real-world effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection: data from the German Hepatitis C-Registry. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;49(8):1052-1059.

Bernhard B, Stickel F. Successful fourth line treatment of a relapse patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection genotype 3a using sofosbuvir, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, and ribavirin: a case report. Z Gastroenterol. 2020;58(5):451-455.

Bersoff-Matcha SJ, Cao K, Jason M, Ajao A, S. Jones C, Meyer T, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation associated with direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus: a review of cases reported to the US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(11):792-798.

Beste LA, Green PK, Berry K, Kogut MJ, Allison SK, Ioannou GN. Effectiveness of hepatitis C antiviral treatment in a USA cohort of veteran patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2017;67(1):32-39.

Beste LA, Glorioso TJ, Ho PM. Telemedicine specialty support promotes hepatitis C treatment by primary care providers in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Am J Med. 2017;130(4):432-438.e3.

Bethea ED, Gaj K, Gustafson JL, et al. Pre-emptive pangenotypic direct acting antiviral therapy in donor HCV-positive to recipient HCV-negative heart transplantation: an open-label study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4:771-780.

Bethea E, Arvind A, Gustafson J, et al. Immediate administration of antiviral therapy after transplantation of hepatitis C-infected livers into uninfected recipients: implications for therapeutic planning. Am J Transplant. 2020;20(6):1619-1628.

Bhamidimarri KR, Ladino M, Pedraza F, et al. Transplantation of kidneys from hepatitis C-positive donors into hepatitis C virus-infected recipients followed by early initiation of direct acting antiviral therapy: a single-center retrospective study. Transpl Int. 2017;30:865-873.

Bhattacharya D, Belperio PS, Shahoumian TA, Loomis TP, Goetz MB, Mole LA, et al. Effectiveness of all-oral antiviral regimens in 996 human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus genotype 1-coinfected patients treated in routine practice. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(12):1711-1720.

Bifano M, Hwang C, Oosterhuis B, Hartstra J, Grasela D, Tiessen R, et al. Assessment of pharmacokinetic interactions of the HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitor daclatasvir with antiretroviral agents: ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, efavirenz, and tenofovir. Antivir Ther. 2013;18(7):931-940.

Bittermann T, Reddy KR. In the era of direct-acting antivirals, liver transplant delisting due to clinical improvement for hepatitis C remains infrequent. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;S1542-3565(20):31294-5.

Blackard JT, Shata MT, Shire NJ, Sherman KE. Acute hepatitis C virus infection: a chronic problem. Hepatology. 2008;47(1):321-331.

Boaz K, Fiore AE, Schrag SJ, Gonik B, Schulkin J. Screening and counseling practices reported by obstetrician-gynecologists for patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2003;11(1):39-44.

Bochud PY, Cai T, Overbeck K, Bochud M, Dufour JF, Mullhaupt B, et al. Genotype 3 is associated with accelerated fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2009;51(4):655-666.

Boerekamps A, van den Berk GE, Lauw FN, Leyten EM, van Kasteren ME, van Eeden A, et al. Declining hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence in Dutch human immunodeficiency virus-positive men who have sex with men after unrestricted access to HCV therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;66(9):1360-1365.

Boerekamps A, van den Berk GE, Lauw FN. Declining hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence in Dutch human immunodeficiency virus-positive men who have sex with men after unrestricted access to HCV therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(9):1360-1365.

Boerekamps A, Vanwolleghem T, Van Der Valk M, et al. 8 weeks of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir is effective in DAA-naive non-cirrhotic HCV genotype 4 infected patients (HEPNED-001 study). J Hepatol. 2019;70(3):554-557.

Boesecke C, Rockstroh JK. Acute hepatitis C in patients with HIV. Semin Liver Dis. 2012;32(2):130-137.

Bohorquez H, Bugeaud E, Bzowej N, et al. Liver transplantation using hepatitis C virus-viremic donors into hepatitis C virus-aviremic recipients as standard of care. Liver Transpl. 2021;27(4):548-557.

Bohorquez H, Velez JCQ, Lusco M, Scheuermann J, Cohen AJ. Hepatitis C-associated focal proliferative glomerulonephritis in an aviremic recipient of a hepatitis C-positive antibody donor liver. Am J Transplant.

Bonder A, Afdhal NH. Utilization of FibroScan in clinical practice. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2014;16(2):372.

Bonkovsky HL, Snow KK, Malet PF, Back-Madruga C, Fontana RJ, Sterling RK, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2007;46(3):420-431.

Borgia SM, Dearden J, Lurie Y. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks is safe and effective in patients undergoing dialysis [LB-15]. The Liver Meeting. San Francisco, CA; 2018.

Borgia SM, Dearden J, Yoshida EM, et al. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. J Hepatol. 2019;pii: S0168-8278(19):30343-5.

Bortolotti F, Verucchi G, Camma C, et al. Long-term course of chronic hepatitis C in children: from viral clearance to end-stage liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:1900-1907.

Boscarino JA, Lu M, Moorman AC, Gordon SC, Rupp LB, Spradling PR, et al. Predictors of poor mental and physical health status among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: the chronic hepatitis cohort study (CHeCS). Hepatology. 2015;61(3):802-811.

Bottieau E, Apers L, Van Esbroeck M, Vandenbruaene M, Florence E. Hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: sustained rising incidence in Antwerp, Belgium, 2001-2009. Euro Surveil. 2010;15(39):19673.

Bourliere M, Bronowicki J, de Ledinghen V, Hézode C, Zoulim F, Mathurin P, et al.. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin to treat patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and cirrhosis non-responsive to previous protease-inhibitor therapy: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial (SIRIUS). Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(4):397-404.

Bourliere M, Gordon SC, Flamm SL, Cooper CL, Ramji A, Tong M, et al. Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir for previously treated HCV infection. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(22):2134-2146.

Bourliere M, Gordon SC, Schiff ER, et al. Deferred treatment with sofosbuvir-velpatasvir-voxilaprevir for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus who were previously treated with an NS5A inhibitor: an open-label substudy of POLARIS-1. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3(9):559-565.

Bourne A, Reid D, Hickson F, Torres-Rueda S, Weatherburn P. Illicit drug use in sexual settings ('chemsex’) and HIV/STI transmission risk behaviour among gay men in South London: findings from a qualitative study. Sex Transm Infect. 2015;91(8):564–568.

Boursier J, de Ledinghen V, Zarski JP, Fouchard-Hubert I, Gallois Y, Oberti F, et al. Comparison of eight diagnostic algorithms for liver fibrosis in hepatitis C: new algorithms are more precise and entirely noninvasive. Hepatology. 2012;55(1):58-67.

Bowring MG, Kucirka LM, Massie AB, et al. Changes in utilization and discard of HCV antibody-positive deceased donor kidneys in the era of direct-acting antiviral therapy. Transplantation. 2018;102:2088-2095.

Boyle A, Marra F, Peters E, et al. Eight weeks of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for genotype 3 hepatitis C in previously untreated patients with significant (F2/3) fibrosis. J Viral Hepat. 2020;27(4):371-375.

Brau N, Salvatore M, RÍos-Bedoya CF, Fernandez-Carbia A, Paronetto F, Rodriguez-Orengo JF, et al.. Slower fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with successful HIV suppression using antiretroviral therapy. J Hepatol. 2006;44(1):47-55.

Braun DL, Hampel B, Nguyen H. A treatment as prevention trial to eliminate HCV in HIV+ MSM: the Swiss HCVree trial [abstract 81LB]. 25th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Boston, MA; 2018.

Braun DL, Hampel B, Kouyos R, et al. High cure rates with grazoprevir-elbasvir with or without ribavirin guided by genotypic resistance testing among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(4):569-576.

Bravo MJ, Vallejo F, Barrio G, Brugal MT, Molist G, Pulido J, et al. HCV seroconversion among never-injecting heroin users at baseline: no predictors identified other than starting injection. Int J Drug Policy. 2012;23(5):415-419.

Brooks KM, Castillo-Mancilla J, Morrow M, et al. Plasma and intracellular pk and renal safety of TAF 25mg with boosted PIs and LDV/SOF [abstract 449]. Presented at Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. March 8-11, 2020. Boston, Massachusetts; 2020.

Brooks KM, Castillo-Mancilla JR, Morrow M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and renal safety of tenofovir alafenamide with boosted protease inhibitors and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75(11):3303-3310.

Brown RS, O'Leary JG, Reddy KR, Kuo A, Morelli GJ, Burton JR, et al. Interferon-free therapy for genotype 1 hepatitis C in liver transplant recipients: Real-world experience from the hepatitis C therapeutic registry and research network. Liver Transpl. 2016;22(1):24-33.

Brown RS, Hezode C, Wang S, et al. Preliminary efficacy and safety of 8-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with HCV genotype 1-6 infection and compensated cirrhosis: the EXPEDITION-8 study [Abstract LB-7]. The Liver Meeting. San Francisco, CA; 2018.

Brown RS, Buti M, Rodrigues L, et al. Efficacy and safety of 8-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis c virus genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 infection and compensated cirrhosis: EXPEDITION-8 complete results [abstract LP9]. Presented at Liver Meeting, 2019; November 8-12. Boston, Massachusetts; 2019.

Brown RS, Buti M, Rodrigues L, et al. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 weeks in treatment-naïve patients with chronic HCV genotypes 1-6 and compensated cirrhosis: the EXPEDITION-8 trial. J Hepatol. 2020;72(3):441-449.

Brown, Jr RS, Collins MA, Strasser SI, Emmett A, Topp AS, Burroughs M, et al. Efficacy and Safety of 8- or 12 Weeks of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Patients with Evidence of Portal Hypertension. Infect Dis Ther [Internet]. 2022;11(2):913-924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-022-00599-8

Browne R, Asboe D, Gilleece Y, Atkins M, Mandalia S, Gazzard B, et al. Increased numbers of acute hepatitis C infections in HIV positive homosexual men; is sexual transmission feeding the increase?. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(4):326-327.

Bruchfeld A, Roth D, Martin P, et al. Elbasvir plus grazoprevir in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease: clinical, virological, and health-related quality-of-life outcomes from a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(8):585-594.

Bruggmann P, Litwin AH. Models of care for the management of hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs: one size does not fit all. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S56-S61.

Bruix J, Sherman M, AASLD . Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology. 2011;53(3):1020-1022.

Bruneau J, Zang G, Abrahamowicz M, Jutras-Aswad D, Daniel M, Roy E. Sustained drug use changes after hepatitis C screening and counseling among recently infected persons who inject drugs: a longitudinal study. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(6):755-761.

Burton MJ, Voluse AC, Anthony V. Integrating comprehensive hepatitis C virus care within a residential substance use disorder treatment program. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2019;(98):9-14.

Bushway SD. The problem of prisoner (re)entry. Contemp Sociol. 2006;35(6):562-565.

Busschots D, Kremer C, Bielen R, Bielen R. Hepatitis C prevalence in incarcerated settings between 2013–2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):2159.

Butt AA, McGinnis K, Skanderson M, Justice AC. A comparison of treatment eligibility for hepatitis C virus in HCV-monoinfected versus HCV/HIV-coinfected persons in electronically retrieved cohort of HCV-infected veterans. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2011;27(9):973-979.

Butt ZA, Wong S, Rossi C, et al. Concurrent hepatitis C and B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections are associated with higher mortality risk illustrating the impact of syndemics on health outcomes. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa347.

Canary LA, Klevens RM, Holmberg SD. Limited access to new hepatitis C virus treatment under state medicaid programs. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(3):226-228.

Cardona-Gonzalez MG, Goldman JD, Narayan L, Brainard DM, Kowdley KV. Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir for treatment of recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Hepatol Commun. 2018;2(12):1446-1450.

Carrat F, Fontaine H, Dorival C. Clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C after direct-acting antiviral treatment: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2019;393(10179):1453-1464.

Casiraghi MAntonietta, De Paschale M, Romanò L, Biffi R, Assi A, Binelli G, et al.. Long-term outcome (35 years) of hepatitis C after acquisition of infection through mini transfusions of blood given at birth. Hepatology. 2004;39(1):90-96.

Castera L, Vergniol J, Foucher J, Le BB, Chanteloup E, Haaser M, et al. Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2005;128(2):343-350.

Castera L, Sebastiani G, Le BB, de Ledinghen V, Couzigou P, Alberti A. Prospective comparison of two algorithms combining non-invasive methods for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2010;52(2):191-198.

Castera L. Noninvasive methods to assess liver disease in patients with hepatitis B or C. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(6):1293-1302.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1998;47(RR-19):1-39.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations for preventing transmission of infections among chronic hemodialysis patients. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001;50(RR-5):1-43.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among HIV-infected men who have sex with men--New York City, 2005-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(28):945-950.

Use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for adults with immunocompromising conditions: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(40):816-819.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Testing for HCV infection: an update of guidance for clinicians and laboratorians. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(18):362-365.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2015 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, special populations [Internet]. 2015 . https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/specialpops.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Viral hepatitis statistics and surveillance, hepatitis C. Updated 2016 [Internet]. 2016 [cited Accessed June 13, 2019]. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/StatisticsHCV.htm

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hepatitis surveillance—United States, 2017 [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019 . https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2017surveillance/index.htm

Ceci O, Margiotta M, Marello F, Francavilla R, Loizzi P, Francavilla A, et al. Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus in a cohort of 2,447 HIV-seronegative pregnant women: a 24-month prospective study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;33(5):570-575.

Chahal HS, Marseille EA, Tice JA, Pearson SD, Ollendorf DA, Fox RK, et al. Cost-effectiveness of early treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 by stage of liver fibrosis in a US treatment-naive population. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(1):65-73.

Chaillon A, Rand EB, Reau N, Martin NK. Cost-effectiveness of universal hepatitis C virus screening of pregnant women in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(11):1888-1895.

Chamot E, Hirschel B, Wintsch J, Robert CF, Gabriel V, Deglon JJ, et al. Loss of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in HIV-seropositive intravenous drug users. AIDS. 1990;4(12):1275-1277.

Chappell CA, Krans EE, Bunge K, et al. A phase 1 study of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in pregnant women with hepatitis C virus [abstract 87]. Presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; March 4-7. 2019.

Chappell CA, Krans EE, Bunge K, et al. A phase 1 study of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in pregnant women with hepatitis C virus [abstract 87]. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, WA; 2019.

Chappell CA, Scarsi KK, Kirby BJ, Suri V, Gaggar A, Bogen DL, et al. Ledipasvir plus sofosbuvir in pregnant women with hepatitis C virus infection: a phase 1 pharmacokinetic study. Lancet Microbe [Internet]. 2020;1(5):e200–08. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30062-8

Charlton MR, Seaberg E, Wiesner R, Everhart J, Zetterman R, Lake J, et al. Predictors of patient and graft survival following liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Hepatology. 1998;28(3):823-830.

Charlton MR, Gane EJ, Manns MP, Brown, Jr. RS, Curry MP, Kwo PY, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin for treatment of compensated recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(1):108-117.

Charlton M, Everson GT, Flamm SL, Kumar P, Landis C, Brown RS, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for treatment of HCV infection in patients with advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(3):649-659.

Chayama K, Suzuki F, Karino Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in Japanese patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection with and without cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol. 2018;53(4):557-565.

Checa-Cabot CA, Stoszek SK, Quarleri J, Losso MH, Ivalo S, Peixoto MF, et al. Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among HIV/HCV-coinfected women. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2013;2(2):126-135.

Chen TY, Ding EL, Seage-Iii GR, Kim AY. Meta-analysis: increased mortality associated with hepatitis C in HIV-infected persons is unrelated to HIV disease progression. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(10):1605-1615.

Chen G, Wang C, Chen J. Hepatitis B reactivation in hepatitis B and C coinfected patients treated with antiviral agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2017;66(1):13-26.

Chew KW, Allen SA, Taylor LE, Rich JD, Feller E. Treatment outcomes with pegylated interferon and ribavirin for male prisoners with chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;43(7):686-691.

Chhatwal J, Kanwal F, Roberts MS, Dunn MA. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of hepatitis C virus treatment with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(6):397-406.

Chhatwal J, He T, Hur C, Lopez-Olivo MA. Direct-acting antiviral agents for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection are cost-saving. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(6):827-837.

Chidi AP, Rogal S, Bryce CL, Bryce CL. Cost-effectiveness of new antiviral regimens for treatment-naïve US veterans with hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2016;63(2):428-436.

Chiu WN, Hung CH, Lu SN, et al. Real-world effectiveness of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for mixed genotype hepatitis C infection: a multicenter pooled analysis in Taiwan. J Viral Hepat. 2020;27(9):866-872.

Choi DT, Puenpatom A, Yu X, et al. Effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and chronic kidney disease in the United States veterans population. Antiviral Res. 2020;174:104698.

Chou R, Wasson N. Blood tests to diagnose fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(11):807-820.

Chou R, Dana T, Fu R, et al. US Preventative Services Task Force. Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adolescents and adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2020;.

Chu CJ, Lee SD. Hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection: epidemiology, clinical features, viral interactions and treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23(4):512-520.

Clark BT, Garcia-Tsao G, Fraenkel L. Patterns and predictors of treatment initiation and completion in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2012;6:285-295.

Coffin PO, Santos GM, Behar E, et al. Randomized feasibility trial of directly observed therapy versus unobserved hepatitis C treatment with ledipasvir-sofosbuvir among people who inject drugs. PLoS One. 2019;14(6):e0217471.

Collins JM, Raphael KL, Terry C, Cartwright EJ, Pillai A, Anania FA, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation during successful treatment of hepatitis C virus with sofosbuvir and simeprevir. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(8):1304-1306.

Colombo M, Aghemo A, Liu H, Zhang J, Dvory-Sobol H, Hyland R, et al. Treatment with ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 12 or 24 weeks in kidney transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(2):109-117.

Comarmond C, Garrido M, Pol S. Direct-acting antiviral therapy restores immune tolerance to patients with hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(8):2052-2062.e2.

Comer SD, Sullivan MA, Vosburg SK, et al. Abuse liability of intravenous buprenorphine/naloxone and buprenorphine alone in buprenorphine-maintained intravenous heroin abusers. Addiction. 2010;105(4):709-718.

Conjeevaram HS, Wahed AS, Afdhal NH, Howell CD, Everhart JE, Hoofnagle JH, et al. Changes in insulin sensitivity and body weight during and after peginterferon and ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(2):469-477.

Connell LE, Salihu HM, Salemi JL, August EM, Weldeselasse H, Mbah AK. Maternal hepatitis B and hepatitis C carrier status and perinatal outcomes. Liver Int. 2011;31(8):1163-1170.

Conte D, Fraquelli M, Prati D, Colucci A, Minola E. Prevalence and clinical course of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and rate of HCV vertical transmission in a cohort of 15,250 pregnant women. Hepatology. 2000;31(3):751-755.

Cooper CL, Naggie S, Saag M, Yang JC, Stamm LM, Dvory-Sobol H, et al. Successful re-treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients coinfected with HIV who relapsed after 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(4):528-531.

Coppola N, De PS, Pisaturo M, Paradiso L, Macera M, Capoluongo N, et al. Sustained virological response to antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients may be predictable by HCV-RNA clearance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Virol. 2013;58(4):748-750.

Corrao G, Arico S. Independent and combined action of hepatitis C virus infection and alcohol consumption on the risk of symptomatic liver cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1998;27(4):914-919.

Cotter TG, Paul S, Sandikci B, et al. Increasing utilization and excellent initial outcomes following liver transplant of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-viremic donors into HCV-negative recipients: outcomes following liver transplant of HCV-viremic donors. Hepatology. 2019;69:2381-2395.

Cotter TG, Paul S, Sandikci B, et al. Increasing utilization and excellent initial outcomes following liver transplant of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-viremic donors into HCV-negative recipients: outcomes following liver transplant of HCV-viremic donors. Hepatology. 2019;69:2381-2395.

Cottrell E, Chou R, Wasson N, Rahman B, Guise J-M. Reducing risk for mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(2):109-113.

Covert E, Hoffmann J, Emmanuel B, et al. Retreatment with SOF/VEL/VOX in treatment-experienced patients with and without HIV: the RESOLVE study [abstract 583]. The Liver Meeting. San Francisco, CA; 2018.

Cox AL, Netski DM, Mosbruger T, Sherman SG, Strathdee S, Ompad D, et al. Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(7):951-958.

Coyle C, Viner K, Hughes E, Kwakwa H, Zibbell JE, Vellozzi C, et al. Identification and linkage to care of HCV-infected persons in five health centers - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2012-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(17):459-463.

Coyle C, Kwakwa H. Dual-routine HCV/HIV testing: seroprevalence and linkage to care in four community health centers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Public Health Rep. 2016;131(Suppl 1):41-52.

Coyle C, Moorman AC, Bartholomew T, et al. The hepatitis C virus care continuum: linkage to hepatitis C virus care and treatment among patients at an urban health network, Philadelphia, PA. Hepatology. 2019;70(2):476-486.

Cua IH, Hui JM, Kench JG, George J. Genotype-specific interactions of insulin resistance, steatosis, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2008;48:723-731.

Cunningham EB, Amin J, Feld JJ, et al. Adherence to sofosbuvir and velpatasvir among people with chronic HCV infection and recent injection drug use: the SIMPLIFY study. Int J Drug Policy. 2018;62:14-23.

Currie SL, Ryan JC, Tracy D, Wright TL, George S, McQuaid R, et al. A prospective study to examine persistent HCV reinfection in injection drug users who have previously cleared the virus. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;93(1-2):148-154.

Curry MP, Forns X, Chung RT, Terrault NA, Brown, Jr. RS, Fenkel JM, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin prevent recurrence of HCV infection after liver transplantation: an open-label study. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(1):100-107.

Curry MP, O'Leary JG, Bzowej N, Muir AJ, Korenblat KM, Fenkel JM, et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(27):2618-2628.

Cypel M, Feld JJ, Galasso M, et al. Prevention of viral transmission during lung transplantation with hepatitis C-viraemic donors: an open-label, single-centre, pilot trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;:pii: S2213-2600(19)30268-1. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30268-1. [Epub ahead of print].

D'Ambrosio R, Pasulo L, Puoti M, et al. Real-world effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in 723 patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2019;70(3):379-387.

Da BL, Lourdusamy V, Kushner T, Dieterich D, Saberi B. Efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in direct-acting antiviral experienced patients with hepatitis C virus. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;:Epub ahead of print.

Daklinza [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2016.

Dalgard O, Bjøro K, Hellum K, Myrvang B, Skaug K, Gutigard B, et al.. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in injecting drug users: 5 years' follow-up. Eur Addict Res. 2002;8(1):45-49.

Danta M, Brown D, Bhagani S, Pybus OG, Sabin CA, Nelson M, et al. Recent epidemic of acute hepatitis C virus in HIV-positive men who have sex with men linked to high-risk sexual behaviours. AIDS. 2007;21(8):983-991.

Daskalopoulou M, Rodger AJ, Phillips AN, Sherr L, Elford J, McDonnell J, et al. Condomless sex in HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in the UK: prevalence, correlates, and implications for HIV transmission. Sex Transm Infect. 2017;93(8):590-598.

de la Flor C, Porsa E, Nijhawan AE. Opt-out HIV and hepatitis C testing at the Dallas county jail: uptake, prevalence, and demographic characteristics of testers. Public Health Rep. 2017;132(6):617-621.

de Ledinghen V, Barreiro P, Foucher J, Labarga P, Castera L, Vispo ME, et al. Liver fibrosis on account of chronic hepatitis C is more severe in HIV-positive than HIV-negative patients despite antiretroviral therapy. J Viral Hepat. 2008;15(6):427-433.

De Monte A, Courjon J, Anty R, Cua E, Naqvi A, Mondain V, et al. Direct-acting antiviral treatment in adults infected with hepatitis C virus: reactivation of hepatitis B virus coinfection as a further challenge. J Clin Virol. 2016;78:27-30.

DeCarolis DD, Westanmo AD, Chen YC, Boese AL, Walquist MA, Rector TS. Evaluation of a potential interaction between new regimens to treat hepatitis C and warfarin. Ann Pharmacother. 2016;(50):909-917.

Degasperi E, Spinetti A, Lombardi A, et al. Real-life effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in hepatitis C patients with previous DAA failure. J Hepatol. 2019;71(6):1106-1115.

Degenhardt L, Randall D, Hall W, Law M, Butler T, Burns L. Mortality among clients of a state-wide opioid pharmacotherapy program over 20 years: risk factors and lives saved. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;105(1-2):9-15.

Degenhardt L, Peacock A, Colledge S, et al. Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(12):e1192-e1207.

Del Bello D, Cha A, Sorbera M, Bichoupan K, Levine C, Doyle E, et al. Real-world sustained virological response rates of sofosbuvir-containing regimens in patients coinfected with hepatitis C and HIV. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 March 1th ed. 2016;62(12):1497-1504.

Delotte J, Barjoan E, Berrébi A, et al. Obstetric management does not influence vertical transmission of HCV infection: results of the ALHICE group study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(7):664-670.

Denniston MM, Klevens RM, McQuillan GM, Jiles RB. Awareness of infection, knowledge of hepatitis C, and medical follow-up among individuals testing positive for hepatitis C: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2008. Hepatology. 2012;55(6):1652-1661.

Denniston MM, Jiles RB, Drobeniuc J, Klevens RM, Ward JW, McQuillan GM, et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(5):293-300.

Des Jarlais D, Perlis T, Arasteh K, Torian LV, Hagan H, Beatrice S, et al. Reductions in hepatitis C virus and HIV infections among injecting drug users in New York City, 1990-2001. AIDS. 2005;19 Suppl 3:S20-25.

Desnoyer A, Pospai D, Lê MPatrick, Gervais A, Heurgué-Berlot A, Laradi A, et al.. Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of a full dose sofosbuvir-based regimen given daily in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2016;65(1):40-47.

Deterding K, Spinner CD, Schott E, et al. Ledipasvir plus sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination for 6 weeks in patients with acute hepatitis C virus genotype 1 monoinfection (HepNet Acute HCV IV): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(2):215-222.

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents living with HIV [Internet]. Department of Health and Human Services; 2017 [cited Accessed June 13, 2019]. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescent-arv/0

DHHS Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents living with HIV. Updated July 9, 2020. Accessed July 9. 2020;.

Department of Health and Human Services, panel on antiretroviral guidelines for adults and adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV [Internet]. 2021. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/default/files/guidelines/documents/

Di Bisceglie AM, Shiffman ML, Everson GT, Lindsay KL, Everhart JE, Wright EC, et al. Prolonged therapy of advanced chronic hepatitis C with low-dose peginterferon. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(23):2429-2441.

Diaz-Castrillon CE, Huckaby LV, Witer L, et al. National trends and outcomes of heart-kidney transplantation using hepatitis C positive donors. Clin Transplant [Internet]. 2022;36(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.14581

Dienstag JL, Ghany MG, Morgan TR, Di Bisceglie AM, Bonkovsky HL, Kim HY, et al. A prospective study of the rate of progression in compensated, histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2011;54(2):396-405.

Dieperink E, Ho SB, Heit S, Durfee JM, Thuras P, Willenbring ML. Significant reductions in drinking following brief alcohol treatment provided in a hepatitis C clinic. Psychosomatics. 2010;51(2):149-156.

Dieterich D, Rockstroh JK, Orkin C, Gutierrez F, Klein MB, Reynes J, et al. Simeprevir (TMC435) with pegylated interferon/ribavirin in patients coinfected with HCV genotype 1 and HIV-1: a phase 3 study. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(11):1579-1587.

Dieterich D, Nelson M, Soriano V, Arasteh K, Guardiola JM, Rockstroh JK, et al. Faldaprevir and pegylated interferon alpha-2a/ribavirin in individuals co-infected with hepatitis C virus genotype-1 and HIV. AIDS. 2015;29(5):571-581.

Dietz J, Spengler U, B M, et al. Efficacy of retreatment after failed direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with HCV genotype 1-3 infections. J Hepatol [Internet]. 2021;19(1):195-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2019.10.051

J D, VC DMaio, De Salazar A, et al. Failure on voxilaprevir, velpatasvir, sofosbuvir and efficacy of rescue therapy. J Hepatol [Internet]. 2021;74(4):801-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.017

Dore GJ, Altice F, Litwin AH, Dalgard O, Gane EJ, Shibolet O, et al. Elbasvir-grazoprevir to treat hepatitis C virus infection in persons receiving opioid agonist therapy: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(9):625-634.

Dore G, Grebely J, Altice F, Litwin AH, Dalgard O, Gane E, et al. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection and injecting risk behavior following elbasvir (EBR)/grazoprevir (GZR) treatment in participants on opiate agonist therapy (OAT): Co-STAR part B [abstract 195]. Presented at the Liver Meeting 2017; October 20–24, 2017; Washington, DC.

Drazilova S, Janicko M, Skladany L, et al. Glucose metabolism changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with direct acting antivirals. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;2018:6095097.

Drysdale K, Townley C, Mahomed F, Foster G. Effectiveness of therapy in 16,567 directly-acting antiviral treated people in England: High response rates in genotype 3 hepatitis C infection regardless of degree of fibrosis, but ribavirin improves response in cirrhosis. International Liver Congress. Vienna, Austria; 2019.

Duque JC, Dejman A, Venkat V, Hernandez M, Roth D, Ladino MA. Acute interstitial nephritis following treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents in hepatitis C virus-infected patients: A case series. Clin Nephrol. 2021;95(1):22-27.

Durand CM, Bowring MG, Brown DM, et al. Direct-acting antiviral prophylaxis in kidney transplantation from hepatitis C virus-infected donors to noninfected recipients: an open-label nonrandomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(8):533-540.

Durand CM, Barnaba B, Yu S, et al. Four-week direct-acting antiviral prophylaxis for kidney transplantation from hepatitis C-viremic donors to hepatitis C-negative recipients: an open-label nonrandomized study. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(1):137-138.

Durier N, Nguyen C, White LJ. Treatment of hepatitis C as prevention: a modeling case study in Vietnam. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34548.

Durose MR, Cooper AD, Snyder HN, . Recidivism of prisoners released in 30 states in 2005: patterns from 2005 to 2010 [Internet]. BJS; 2014 . https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4986

European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2016. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):153-194.

European Association for the Study of the Liver; Asociacion Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Higado. EASL-ALEH clinical practice guidelines: non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J Hepatol. 2015;63(1):237-264.

Eckman MH, Ward JW, Sherman KE. Cost effectiveness of universal screening for hepatitis C virus infection in the era of direct-acting, pangenotypic treatment regimens. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(5):930-939.e9.

Edlin BR, Eckhardt BJ, Shu MA, Holmberg SD, Swan T. Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States. Hepatology. 2015;62(5):1353-1363.

Eisenberger U, Friebus-Kardash J, Guberina H, et al. Treatment with grazoprevir/elbasvir for renal transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and impaired allograft function. Transplant Direct. 2019;5(1):e419.

El-Sherif O, Jiang ZG, Tapper EB, et al. Baseline factors associated with improvements in decompensated cirrhosis after direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2018;154(8):2111-2121.e8.

Elbasha E, Greaves W, Roth D, Nwankwo C. Cost-effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir use in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and chronic kidney disease in the United States. J Viral Hepat. 2017;24(4):268-279.

Garimella T, You X, Wang R, Luo W-L, Huang S-P, Kandoussi H, et al. A review of daclatasvir drug-drug interactions. Adv Ther. 2016;33(11):1867-1884.

Emery JS, Kuczynski M, La D. Efficacy and safety of direct acting antivirals for the treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(8):1298-1308.

Ende AR, Kim NH, Yeh MM, Harper J, Landis CS. Fulminant hepatitis B reactivation leading to liver transplantation in a patient with chronic hepatitis C treated with simeprevir and sofosbuvir: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2015;9:164.

England K, Pembrey L, Tovo PA, Newell ML. Excluding hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by serology in young infants of HCV-infected mothers. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94:444-450.

European paediatric hepatitis C virus network. A significant sex--but not elective cesarean section--effect on mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus infection. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(11):1872-1879.

Eron JJ, Young B, Cooper DA, Youle M, DeJesus E, Andrade-Villanueva J, et al. Switch to a raltegravir-based regimen versus continuation of a lopinavir-ritonavir-based regimen in stable HIV-infected patients with suppressed viraemia (SWITCHMRK 1 and 2): two multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2010;375(9712):396-407.

Eron JJ, Lalezari J, Slim J, Gathe J, Ruane PJ, Wang C, et al. Safety and efficacy of ombitasvir - 450/r and dasabuvir and ribavirin in HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients receiving atazanavir or raltegravir ART regimens. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17(4 Suppl 3):19500.

Doss W, Shiha G, Hassany M, Soliman R, Fouad R, Khairy M, et al. Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for treating Egyptian patients with hepatitis C genotype 4. Journal of Hepatol. 2015;63(3):581-585.

Esmat GE, Doss WH, Qaqish RB, Waked I, Shiha GE, Yosry A, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Co-Formulated Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir with Ribavirin in Adults with Chronic HCV Genotype 4 Infection in Egypt (AGATE-II) [Abstract 708]. In 66th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), November 13-17, 2015. San Francisco, CA; 2015.

Esteban R, Pineda JA, Calleja JL, et al. Efficacy of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir, with and without ribavirin, in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection and cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(4):1120-1127.e4.

Everhart JE, Lok AS, Kim HY, Morgan TR, Lindsay KL, Chung RT, et al. Weight-related effects on disease progression in the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis trial. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(2):549-557.

Everhart JE, Wright EC, Goodman ZD, Dienstag JL, Hoefs JC, Kleiner DE, et al. Prognostic value of Ishak fibrosis stage: findings from the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis trial. Hepatology. 2010;51(2):585-594.

Everson GT. Treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus on the waiting list. Liver Transpl. 2003;9(11):S90-S94.

Everson GT, Trotter J, Forman L, Kugelmas M, Halprin A, Fey B, et al. Treatment of advanced hepatitis C with a low accelerating dosage regimen of antiviral therapy. Hepatology. 2005;42(2):255-262.

Everson GT, Hoefs JC, Seeff LB, Bonkovsky HL, Naishadham D, Shiffman ML, et al. Impact of disease severity on outcome of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C: lessons from the HALT-C trial. Hepatology. 2006;44(6):1675-1684.

Fabbiani M, Lombardi A, Colaneri M, et al. High rates of sustained virological response despite premature discontinuation of directly acting antivirals in HCV-infected patients treated in a real-life setting. J Viral Hepat. 2021;28(3):558-568.

Fabrizi F, Poordad F, Martin P. Hepatitis C infection and the patient with end-stage renal disease. Hepatology. 2002;36(1):3-10.

Fabrizi F, Takkouche B, Lunghi G, Dixit V, Messa P, Martin P. The impact of hepatitis C virus infection on survival in dialysis patients: meta-analysis of observational studies. J Viral Hepat. 2007;14(10):697-703.

Fabrizi F, Messa P, Martin P. Health-related quality of life in dialysis patients with HCV infection. Int J Artif Organs. 2009;32(8):473-481.

Fabrizi F, Dixit V, Messa P. Impact of hepatitis C on survival in dialysis patients: a link with cardiovascular mortality?. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19(9):601-607.

Fabrizi F, Dixit V, Messa P. Antiviral therapy of symptomatic HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: meta-analysis of clinical studies. J Med Virol. 2013;85(6):1019-1027.

Fabrizi F, Martin P, Dixit V, Messa P. Meta-analysis of observational studies: hepatitis C and survival after renal transplant. J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(5):314-324.

Fabrizi F, Verdesca S, Messa P, Martin P. Hepatitis C virus infection increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60(12):3801-3813.

Falade-Nwulia O, Irvin R, Merkow A, et al. Barriers and facilitators of hepatitis C treatment uptake among people who inject drugs enrolled in opioid treatment programs in Baltimore. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2019;100:45-51.

Farmand S, Wirth S, Loffler H. Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in vertically infected children. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171:253-258.

Federal Bureau of Prisons. Evaluation and management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. 2016.

Feld JJ, Liang TJ. Hepatitis C -- identifying patients with progressive liver injury. Hepatology. 2006;43(2 Suppl 1):S194-S206.

Feld JJ, Kowdley KV, Coakley E, Sigal S, Nelson DR, Crawford D, et al. Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(17):1594-1603.

Feld JJ, Jacobson IM, Hézode C, Asselah T, Ruane PJ, Gruener N, et al.. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(27):2599-2607.

Feld JJ, Moreno C, Trinh R. Sustained virologic response of 100% in HCV genotype 1b patients with cirrhosis receiving ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir for 12 weeks. J Hepatol . 2016;64(2):301-307.

Feld JJ, Humar A, Singer L, et al. Lung transplantation from HCV-infected donors to HCV-uninfected recipients [abstract 0223]. The Liver Meeting. San Francisco, CA; 2018.

Feld JJ, Cypel M, Kumar D, et al. Short-course, direct-acting antivirals and ezetimibe to prevent HCV infection in recipients of organs from HCV-infected donors: a phase 3, single-centre, open-label study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(7):649-657.

Feng HP, Caro L, Dunnington KM, Guo Z, Cardillo-Marricco N, Wolford D, et al. A clinically meaningful drug-drug interaction observed between Zepatier (Grazoprevir/Elbasvir) and Stribild HIV fixed dose combination in healthy subjects [Abstract O-22]. In International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV & Hepatitis Therapy. June 8-10. 2016.

Feng HP, Guo Z, Fandozzi C, et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions between the fixed-dose combinations of elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and elbasvir/grazoprevir in healthy adult participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2019;8(7):952-961.

Feng HP, Guo Z, Caro L, et al. Assessment of drug interaction potential between the hepatitis C virus direct-acting antiviral agents elbasvir/grazoprevir and the nucleotide analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2019;8(7):962-970.

Feng HP, Guo Z, Ross L, et al. Assessment of drug interaction potential between the direct-acting antiviral agents elbasvir/grazoprevir and integrase inhibitors raltegravir and dolutegravir. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019;74(3):710-717.

Ferenci P, Bernstein D, Lalezari J, Cohen D, Luo Y, Cooper C, et al. ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for HCV. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(21):1983-1992.

Fernandez N, Towers CV, Wolfe L, Hennessy MD, Weitz B, Porter S. Sharing of snorting straws and hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant women. Obstet and Gynecol. 2016;128(2):234-237.

Fernandez-Carrillo C, Lens S, Llop E, Pascasio JM, Fernández I, Baliellas C, et al.. Treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients with advanced cirrhosis: always justified? Analysis of the HEPA-C registry. J Hepatology . 2016;64(2):S133.

Fierer DS, Uriel AJ, Carriero DC, Klepper A, Dieterich D, Mullen MP, et al. Liver fibrosis during an outbreak of acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men: a prospective cohort study. J Infect Dis. 2008;198(5):683-686.

Fierer DS, Dieterich D, Fiel MI, Branch AD, Marks KM, Fusco DN, et al. Rapid progression to decompensated cirrhosis, liver transplant, and death in HIV-infected men after primary hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(7):1038-1043.

Fierer DS, Wyles DL. Re-treatment of hepatitis C infection after multiple failures of direct-acting antiviral therapy. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(4):ofaa095.

Finelli L, Miller JT, Tokars JI, Alter MJ, Arduino MJ. National surveillance of dialysis-associated diseases in the United States, 2002. Semin Dial. 2005;18(1):52-61.

Fischer G, Ortner R, Rohrmeister K, et al. Methadone versus buprenorphine in pregnant addicts: a double-blind, double-dummy comparison study. Addiction. 2006;101(2):275-281.

Fissell RB, Bragg-Gresham JL, Woods JD, Jadoul M, Gillespie B, Hedderwick SA, et al. Patterns of hepatitis C prevalence and seroconversion in hemodialysis units from three continents: the DOPPS. Kidney Int. 2004;65(6):2335-2342.

Flamm SL, Bacon B, Curry MP, et al. Real-world use of elbasvir-grazoprevir in patients with chronic hepatitis C: retrospective analyses from the TRIO network. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47(11):1511-1522.

Flamm S, Reddy KR, Zadeikis N, et al. Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir with concurrent use of acid-reducing agents in patients with chronic HCV infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(3):527-535.e6.

Flamm SL, Kort J, Marx SE, et al. Effectiveness of 8-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for treatment-naive, compensated cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Adv Ther. 2020;37(5):2267-2274.

Fleischer R, Boxwell D, Sherman KE. Nucleoside analogues and mitochondrial toxicity. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:e79-e80.

Fontana RJ, Sanyal AJ, Ghany MG, Lee WM, Reid AE, Naishadham D, et al. Factors that determine the development and progression of gastroesophageal varices in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(7):2321-2331.

Fontana RJ, Brown RS, Moreno-Zamora A, Prieto M, Joshi S, Londoño M-C, et al.. Daclatasvir combined with sofosbuvir or simeprevir in liver transplant recipients with severe recurrent hepatitis C infection. Liver Transpl. 2016;22(4):446-458.

Ford MM, Johnson N, Desai P, Rude E, Laraque F. From care to cure: demonstrating a model of clinical patient navigation for hepatitis C care and treatment in high-need patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(5):685-691.

Ford MM, Jordan AE, Johnson N, Rude E, Laraque F, Varma JK, et al. Check Hep C: a community-based approach to hepatitis C diagnosis and linkage to care in high-risk populations. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2018;24(1):41-48.

Forman LM, Lewis JD, Berlin JA, Feldman HI, Lucey MR. The association between hepatitis C infection and survival after orthotopic liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(4):889-896.

Forns X, Navasa M, Rodes J. Treatment of HCV infection in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2004;40(2):498.

Forns X, Charlton MR, Denning J, McHutchison JG, Symonds WT, Brainard D, et al. Sofosbuvir compassionate use program for patients with severe recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1485-1494.

Forns X, Gordon SC, Zuckerman E, Lawitz E, Calleja JL, Hofer H, et al. Grazoprevir and elbasvir plus ribavirin for chronic HCV genotype-1 infection after failure of combination therapy containing a direct-acting antiviral agent. J Hepatol. 2015;63(3):564-572.

Forns X, Lee SS, Valdes J, Lens S, Ghalib R, Aguilar H, et al. Glecaprevir plus pibrentasvir for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6 infection in adults with compensated cirrhosis (EXPEDITION-1): a single-arm, open-label, multicentre phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(10):1062-1068.

Forns X, Berenguer M, Herzer K, Sterneck M, Donato MFrancesca, Andreone P, et al. Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of simeprevir, daclatasvir, and ribavirin in patients with recurrent hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection after orthotopic liver transplantation: the phase II SATURN study. Transpl Infect Dis. 2017;19(3).

Foster GR, Goldin RD, Thomas HC. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection causes a significant reduction in quality of life in the absence of cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1998;27(1):209-212.

Foster GR, Pianko S, Brown A, Forton D, Nahass RG, George J, et al. Efficacy of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin with or without peginterferon-alfa in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection and treatment-experienced patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(6):1462-1470.

Foster GR, Afdhal NH, Roberts SK. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 2 and 3 infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(27):2608-2617.

Foster GR, Irving WL, Cheung MCM, Walker AJ, Hudson BE, Verma S, et al. Cohort study of the impact of direct acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1224-1231.

Foster GR, Agarwal K, Cramp M, Moreea S, Barclay ST, Collier J, et al. C-ISLE: Grazoprevir/Elbasvir plus Sofosbuvir in Treatment-naive and Treatment-experienced HCV GT3 Cirrhotic Patients Treated for 8, 12 or 16 weeks [Abstract 74]. In The Liver Meeting. 2016.

Foster GR, Gane E, Asatryan A, Asselah T, Ruane PJ, Pol S, et al. ENDURANCE-3: safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir compared to sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in treatment-naive HCV genotype 3-infected patients without cirrhosis. J Hepatol [Internet]. 2017;66(1):S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30326-4

Foster AL, Gaisa MM, Hijdra RM, Turner SS, Morey TJ, Jacobson KB, et al. Shedding of Hepatitis C Virus Into the Rectum of HIV-infected Men Who Have Sex With Men. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(3):284-288.

Foster GR, Agarwal K, Cramp ME. Elbasvir/grazoprevir and sofosbuvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection with compensated cirrhosis: A randomized trial. Hepatology. 2018;67(6):2113-2126.

Fox RK, Currie SL, Evans J, Wright TL, Tobler L, Phelps B, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in the California state correctional system. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(2):177-186.

Franco A, Moreso F, Merino E, et al. Renal transplantation from seropositive hepatitis C virus donors to seronegative recipients in Spain: a prospective study. Transpl Int. 2019;32(7):710-716.

Fraser H, Martin NK, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Carrieri P, Dalgard O, Dillon J, et al. Model projections on the impact of HCV treatment in the prevention of HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in Europe. J Hepatol. 2018;68(3):402-411.

Fraser H, Zibbell J, Hoerger T, et al. Scaling-up HCV prevention and treatment interventions in rural United States-model projections for tackling an increasing epidemic. Addiction. 2018;113(1):173-182.

Friebus-Kardash J, Gackler A, Kribben A, et al. Successful early sofosbuvir-based antiviral treatment after transplantation of kidneys from HCV-viremic donors into HCV-negative recipients. Transpl Infect Dis. 2019;21:e13146.

Frimpong JA. Missed opportunities for hepatitis C testing in opioid treatment programs. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(6):1028-1030.

Frimpong JA, D'Aunno T, Jiang L. Determinants of the availability of hepatitis C testing services in opioid treatment programs: results from a national study. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(6):e75-e82.

Fudala PJ, Bridge TP, Herbert S, et al. Office-based treatment of opiate addiction with a sublingual-tablet formulation of buprenorphine and naloxone. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(10):949-958.

Gambotti L, Batisse D, Colin-de-Verdiere N, Delaroque-Astagneau E, Desenclos JC, Dominguez S, et al. Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV positive men who have sex with men in Paris, France, 2001-2004. Euro Surveill. 2005;10(5):115-117.

Gamkrelidze I, Pawlotsky JM, Lazarus JV, et al. Progress towards hepatitis C virus elimination in high-income countries: An updated analysis. Liver Int. 2021;41(3):456-463.

Gandhi Y, Adamczyk R, Wang R, Stonier M, Kandoussi H, Hesney M, et al. Assessment of drug-drug interactions between daclatasvir and darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir. Presented at 16th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV and Hepatitis Therapy; May 26-28, 2015; Washington DC. 2015;.

Gane EJ, Hyland RH, An D, Svarovskaia ES, Pang PS, Brainard D, et al. Efficacy of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, for 12 weeks in patients with HCV genotype 3 or 6 infection. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(6):1454-1461.

Gane EJ, Shiffman ML, Etzkorn K, Morelli G, Stedman C, Davis MN, et al. Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir in Combination With Ribavirin for 24 Weeks Is Effective Retreatment for Patients Who Failed Prior NS5A-Containing DAA Regimens: Results of the Retreatment Study. In 51st Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). April 13-17. Barcelona, Spain; 2016.

Gane EJ, Shiffman ML, Etzkorn K, et al, et al. Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir with ribavirin for 24 weeks in hepatitis C virus patients previously treated with a direct-acting antiviral regimen. Hepatology. 2017;66(4):1083-1089.

Gane E, Lawitz E, Pugatch D, Papatheodoridis G, Bräu N, Brown A, et al.. Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in patients with HCV and severe renal impairment. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(15):1448-1455.

Garazzino S, Calitri C, Versace A, et al. Natural history of vertically acquired HCV infection and associated autoimmune phenomena. Eur J Pediatr. 2014;173:1025-1031.

Garcia-Bengoechea M, Basaras M, Barrio J, Arrese E, Montalvo II, Arenas JI, et al. Late disappearance of hepatitis C virus RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C in sustained response after alpha-interferon therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(7):1902-1905.

Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Carey W, Diseases practiceguidelines, Gastroenterology practiceparameters. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;46(3):922-938.

Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, Bosch J. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2017;65(1):310-335.

Garimella T, Wang R, Luo WL, Luo WL. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of daclatasvir in subjects with renal function impairment. Antivir Ther. 2015;20(5):535-543.

Garrison KL, Custodio JM, Pang PS, Das M, Cheng F, Ma G, et al. Drug interactions between anti-HCV antivirals ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and integrase strand transfer inhibitor–based regimens. Presented at 16th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV and Hepatitis Therapy; May 26-28, 2015; Washington DC.

Garrison KL, Kirby B, Stamm LM, Ma G, Vu A, Ling J, et al. Drug-drug interaction profile of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir fixed dose combination [FRI-187]. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):S492-S493.

Garrison KL, German P, Mogalian E, Mathias A. The drug-drug interaction potential of antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018;46(8):1212-1225.

Garrison KL, Humenluk R, West SK, et al. Lack of clinically relevant drug interactions between bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir [P264]. Presented at HIV Drug Therapy/Glasglow; October 28-31, 2018. Glasglow, United Kingdom; 2018.

Gaur N, Malhotra V, Agrawal D, et al. Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir fixed drug combination for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in patients with end-stage renal disease and kidney transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2020;10(3):189-193.

Geng X-X, Huang R-G, Lin J-M, Jiang N, Yang X-X. Transient elastography in clinical detection of liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(4):294-303.

George SL, Bacon BR, Brunt EM, Mihindukulasuriya KL, Hoffmann J, Di Bisceglie AM. Clinical, virologic, histologic, and biochemical outcomes after successful HCV therapy: a 5-year follow-up of 150 patients. Hepatology. 2009;49(3):729-738.

Gerber L, Estep M, Stepanova M, Escheik C, Weinstein A, Younossi ZM. Effects of viral eradication with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, on measures of fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(1):156-164.e3.

German P, Pang P, West S, Han LL, Sajwani K, Mathias A. Drug interactions between direct acting anti-HCV antivirals sofosbuvir and ledipasvir and HIV antiretrovirals [abstract 06]. Presented at 15th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV and Hepatitis Therapy; May 19-21, 2014; Washington DC.

German P, Garrison K, Pang PS, Stamm LM, Ray AS, Shen G, et al. Drug-drug interactions between anti-HCV regimen ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and antiretrovirals [abstract 82]. Presented at 22nd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 23-26, 2015; Seattle, WA.

Gervais A, Bacq Y, Bernuau J, Martinot M, Auperin A, Boyer N, et al. Decrease in serum ALT and increase in serum HCV RNA during pregnancy in women with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2000;32(2):293-299.

Ghany MG, Kleiner DE, Alter H, Doo E, Khokar F, Promrat K, et al. Progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2003;124(1):97-104.

Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB, Diseases AAssociatio. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology. 2009;49(4):1335-1374.

Ghany MG, Nelson DR, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB, Seeff LB. An update on treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus infection: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2011;54(4):1433-1444.

Ghosn J, Pierre-Francois S, Thibault V, Duvivier C, Tubiana R, Simon A, et al. Acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. HIV Med. 2004;5(4):303-306.

Gidea CG, Narula N, Reyentovich A, et al. Increased early acute cellular rejection events in hepatitis C-positive heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2020;S1053-2498(20):31624-7.

Gisbert JP, Garcia-Buey L, Pajares JM, Moreno-Otero R. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in porphyria cutanea tarda: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2003;39(4):620-627.

Gisbert JP, Garcia-Buey L, Pajares JM, Moreno-Otero R. Systematic review: regression of lymphoproliferative disorders after treatment for hepatitis C infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21(6):653-662.

Goel A, Chen Q, Chhatwal J, Aggarwal R. Cost-effectiveness of generic pan-genotypic sofosbuvir/velpatasvir versus genotype-dependent direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;33(12):2029-2036.

Goldberg DS, Abt P, Reese PP, et al. Transplanting HCV-infected kidneys into uninfected recipients. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(11):1105.

Goldenberg SM, Montaner J, Braschel M, Socias E, Guillemi S, Shannon K. Dual sexual and drug-related predictors of hepatitis C incidence among sex workers in a Canadian setting: gaps and opportunities for scale-up of hepatitis C virus prevention, treatment, and care. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;55:31-37.

Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Langham MR, Andres JM, Mohan P, Colombani PM, Alford MK, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in 2 young adolescents with chronic hepatitis C. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;48(5):630-635.

Goodman ZD, Makhlouf HR, Liu L, Balistreri W, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Haber B, et al. Pathology of chronic hepatitis C in children: liver biopsy findings in the Peds-C trial. Hepatology. 2008;47(3):836-843.

Gordon SC, Teshale EH, Spradling PR, Moorman AC, Boscarino JA, Schmidt MA, et al. Lower rates of emergency visits and hospitalizations among chronic hepatitis C patients with sustained virological response to interferon-free direct-acting antiviral therapy (2014-2018). Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022;. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac124

Götz HM, van Doornum G, Niesters HG, Hollander JGden, Thio HB, de Zwart O. A cluster of acute hepatitis C virus infection among men who have sex with men--results from contact tracing and public health implications. AIDS. 2005;19(9):969-974.

Govindasamy D, Ford N, Kranzer K. Risk factors, barriers and facilitators for linkage to antiretroviral therapy care: a systematic review. AIDS. 2012;26(16):2059-2067.

Gowda C, Smith S, Crim L, Moyer K, Sanchez PJ, . Nucleic Acid Testing for Diagnosis of Perinatally Acquired Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Early Infancy. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;73(9):e3340-e3346. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa949

Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, Razavi-Shearer K, Razavi H. Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1 Suppl):S45-S57.

Grady BPX, Vanhommerig JW, Schinkel J, Weegink CJ, Bruisten SM, Lindenburg CEA, et al. Low incidence of reinfection with the hepatitis C virus following treatment in active drug users in Amsterdam. Eur J of Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24(11):1302-1307.

Grady BP, Schinkel J, Thomas XV, Dalgard O. Hepatitis C virus reinfection following treatment among people who use drugs. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S105-S110.

Grebely J, Knight E, Ngai T, Genoway KA, Raffa JD, Storms M, et al. Reinfection with hepatitis C virus following sustained virological response in injection drug users: HCV reinfection following SVR in IDUs. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25(7):1281-1284.

Grebely J, Matthews GV, Hellard M, Shaw D, Shaw D, Petoumenos K, Yeung B, et al. Adherence to treatment for recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injecting drug users. J Hepatol. 2011;55(1):76-85.

Grebely J, Pham ST, Matthews GV, Petoumenos K, Bull RA, Yeung B, et al. Hepatitis C virus reinfection and superinfection among treated and untreated participants with recent infection. Hepatology. 2012;55(4):1058-1069.

Grebely J, Page K, Sacks-Davis R, van der Loeff MS, Rice TM, Bruneau J, et al. The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 2014;59(1):109-120.

Grebely J, Dore GJ, Zeuzem S, Aspinall RJ, Fox R, Han L, et al. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving opioid substitution therapy: analysis of phase 3 ASTRAL trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(11):1479-1481.

Grebely J, Hajarizadeh B, Dore GJ. Direct-acting antiviral agents for HCV infection affecting people who inject drugs. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(11):641-651.

Grebely J, Dalgard O, Conway B, Cunningham EB, Bruggmann P, Hajarizadeh B, et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for hepatitis C virus infection in people with recent injection drug use (SIMPLIFY): an open-label, single-arm, phase 4, multicentre trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3(3):153-161.

Greenway E, Haines A, Ling SC, et al. Cost-utility analysis of treatment of chronic paediatric hepatitis C with new direct-acting antivirals [abstract 1619]. The Liver Meeting 2019. Boston, Massachusetts; 2019.

Gumber SC, Chopra S. Hepatitis C: a multifaceted disease. Review of extrahepatic manifestations. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123(8):615-620.

Gunthard HF, Aberg JA, Eron JJ, Hoy JF, Telenti A, Benson CA, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2014 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA panel. JAMA. 2014;312(4):410-425.

Gupta N, Mbituyumuremyi A, Kabahizi J, et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Rwanda with ledipasvir-sofosbuvir (SHARED): a single-arm trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4(2):119-126.

Hagan H, Pouget ER, Des-Jarlais DC, Lelutiu-Weinberger C. Meta-regression of hepatitis C virus infection in relation to time since onset of illicit drug injection: the influence of time and place. Am J of Epidemiol. 2008;168(10):1099-1109.

Hagström H. Alcohol consumption in concomitant liver disease: how much is too much?. Curr Hepatol Rep. 2017;16(2):152-157.

Hammett TM, Harmon MP, Rhodes W. The burden of infectious disease among inmates of and releasees from US correctional facilities, 1997. Am J Public Health. 2002;92(11):1789-1794.

Harris DR, Gonin R, Alter HJ, Wright EC, Buskell ZJ, Hollinger FB, et al. The relationship of acute transfusion-associated hepatitis to the development of cirrhosis in the presence of alcohol abuse. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(2):120-124.

Harris, Jr. KA, Arnsten JH, Litwin AH. Successful integration of hepatitis C evaluation and treatment services with methadone maintenance. J Addict Med. 2010;4(1):20-26.

Harris RJ, Martin NK, Rand E, Mandal S, Mutimer D, Vickerman P, et al. New treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV): scope for preventing liver disease and HCV transmission in England. J Viral Hepat. 2016;23(8):631-643.

Harrison GI, Murray K, Gore R, et al. The hepatitis C awareness through to treatment (HepCATT) study: improving the cascade of care for hepatitis C virus-infected people who inject drugs in England. Addiction. 2019;114(6):1113-1122.

Harrison DS, Giang J, Darling JM. An interaction between glecaprevir, pibrentasvir, and colchicine causing rhabdomyolysis in a patient with chronic renal disease. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020;15(1):17-20.

Hashem M, Jhaveri R, Saleh DA, Sharaf SA, El-Mougy F, El-Salam LAbd, et al. Spontaneous viral load decline and subsequent clearance of chronic HCV in postpartum women correlates with favorable IL28B allele. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(6):999-1005.

Hattori Y, Orito E, Ohno T, Sugauchi F, Suzuki S, Sugiura M, et al. Loss of hepatitis C virus RNA after parturition in female patients with chronic HCV infection. J Med Virol. 2003;71(2):205-211.

Hayashi K, Ishigami M, Ishizu Y, Ishizu Y. A case of acute hepatitis B in a chronic hepatitis C patient after daclatasvir and asunaprevir combination therapy: hepatitis B virus reactivation or acute self-limited hepatitis?. Clin J Gastroenterol. 2016;9(4):252-256.

He T, Li K, Roberts MS, Spaulding AC, Ayer T, Grefenstette JJ, et al. Prevention of hepatitis C by screening and treatment in US prisons. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(2):84-92.

He T, Lopez-Olivo MA, Hur C, Chhatwal J. Systematic review: cost-effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals for treatment of hepatitis C genotypes 2-6. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46(8):711-721.

Hegazi A, Lee M, Whittaker W, Green S, Simms R, Cutts R, et al. Chemsex and the city: sexualised substance use in gay bisexual and other men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics. Int J of STD AIDS. 2017;28(4):362-366.

Hellard ME, Hocking JS, Crofts N. The prevalence and the risk behaviours associated with the transmission of hepatitis C virus in Australian correctional facilities. Epidemiol Infect. 2004;132(3):409-15.

Hellard ME, Jenkinson R, Higgs P, Stoove MA, Sacks-Davis R, Gold J, et al. Modelling antiviral treatment to prevent hepatitis C infection among people who inject drugs in Victoria, Australia. Med J Aust. 2012;196(10):638-641.

Hellard M, Doyle JS, Sacks-Davis R, Thompson AJ, McBryde E. Eradication of hepatitis C infection: the importance of targeting people who inject drugs. Hepatology. 2014;59(2):366-369.

Henderson DK, Dembry L, Fishman NO, Grady C, Lundstrom T, Palmore TN, et al. SHEA guideline for management of healthcare workers who are infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and/or human immunodeficiency virus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(3):203-232.

Hermine O, Lefrere F, Bronowicki JP, Mariette X, Jondeau K, Eclache-Saudreau V, et al. Regression of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes after treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(2):89-94.

Herzer K, Papadopoulos-Kohn A, Walker A, Achterfeld A, Paul A, Canbay A, et al. Daclatasvir, simeprevir and ribavirin as a promising interferon-free triple regimen for HCV recurrence after liver transplant. Digestion. 2015;91(4):326-333.

Hézode C, Asselah T, Reddy KR, Hassanein T, Berenguer M, Fleischer-Stepniewska K, et al.. Ombitasvir plus paritaprevir plus ritonavir with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus infection (PEARL-I): a randomised, open-label trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9986):2502-2509.

Hézode C, Lebray P, de Ledinghen V, Zoulim F, Di Martino V, Boyer N, et al.. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, for hepatitis C virus genotype 3 in a French early access programme [Epub ahead of print]. Liver Int. 2017;37(9):1314-1324.

Hezode C, Reau N, Svarovskaia ES, Doehle BP, Shanmugam R, Dvory-Sobol H, et al. Resistance analysis in patients with genotype 1-6 HCV infection treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in the phase III studies. J Hepatol. 2018;68(5):895-903.

Higley C, Hsu CC, Smith C, Nadella S, Lalos AT. Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in post-liver transplant patients with previous direct-acting antiviral failure: Six case reports. World J Hepatol. 2020;12(12):1341-1348.

Ho SB, Brau N, Cheung R, Liu L, Sanchez C, Sklar M, et al. Integrated care increases treatment and improves outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and psychiatric illness or substance abuse. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(11):2005-2014.e1-3.

Hofmeister MG, Rosenthal EM, Barker LK, et al. Estimating prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 2013-2016. Hepatology. 2019;69(3):1020-1031.

Holmberg SD, Spradling PR, Moorman AC, Denniston MM. Hepatitis C in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(20):1859-1861.

Holmes HM, Hayley DC, Alexander GC, Sachs GA. Reconsidering medication appropriateness for patients late in life. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(6):605-609.

Honegger J, Crim L, Gowda C, Sanchez PJ. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of vertically-acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in early infancy [abstract 2215]. ID Week. San Francisco, CA; 2018.

Honegger JR, Kim S, Price AA, Kohout JA, McKnight KL, Prasad MR, et al. Loss of immune escape mutations during persistent HCV infection in pregnancy enhances replication of vertically transmitted viruses. Nat Med. 2013;19(11):1529-1533.

Hoornenborg E, Achterbergh RCA, Schim van-der-L, Davidovich U, Hogewoning A, de Vries HJC, et al. MSM starting preexposure prophylaxis are at risk of hepatitis C virus infection:. AIDS. 2017;31(11):1603-1610.

Hoornenborg E, Coyer L, Boyd A, et al. Amsterdam PrEP project team in the HIV transmission elimination Amsterdam (H-TEAM) initiative. High incidence of HCV in HIV-negative men who have sex with men using pre-exposure prophylaxis. J Hepatol. 2020;72(5):855-864.

Hosein SR, Wilson DP. HIV, HCV, and drug use in men who have sex with men. Lancet. 2013;382(9898):1095-1096.

Hourigan LF, Macdonald GA, Purdie D, Whitehall VH, Shorthouse C, Clouston A, et al. Fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C correlates significantly with body mass index and steatosis. Hepatology. 1999;29(4):1215-1219.

Houssel-Debry P, Coilly A, Fougerou-Leurent C, et al. 12 weeks of a ribavirin-free sofosbuvir and nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor regimen is enough to treat recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2018;68(4):1277-1287.

Howe AY, Black S, Curry S, Ludmerer SW, Liu R, Barnard RJO, et al. Virologic resistance analysis from a phase 2 study of MK-5172 combined with pegylated interferon/ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(12):1657-1665.

Hsieh YH, Rothman RE, Laeyendecker , et al. Evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for hepatitis C virus testing in an urban emergency department. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(9):1059-1065.

Hsu L, Bowlus CL, Stewart SL, Nguyen TT, Dang J, Chan B, et al. Electronic messages increase hepatitis B screening in at-risk Asian American patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2013;58(3):807-814.

Hsu YC, Lin JT, Ho HJ, Kao YH, Huang YT, Hsiao NW, et al. Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection is associated with improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. Hepatology. 2014;59(4):1293-1302.

Hsu YC, Ho HJ, Huang YT, Wang HH, Wu MS, Lin JT, et al. Association between antiviral treatment and extrahepatic outcomes in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Gut. 2015;64(3):495-503.

Huang CF, Tseng KC, Cheng PN, Hung CH, Lo CC, Peng CY, et al. Impact of Sofosbuvir-Based Direct-Acting Antivirals on Renal Function in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients With Impaired Renal Function: A Large Cohort Study From the Nationwide HCV Registry Program (TACR). Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol [Internet]. 2022;20(5):1151-1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.037

Hughes BL, Page CM, Kuller JA, Kuller JA. Hepatitis C in pregnancy: screening, treatment, and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(5):B2-B12.

Hung CH, Wang JH, Hu TH, Chen CH, Chang KC, Yen YH, et al. Insulin resistance is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(18):2265-2271.

Hussein NR, Sidiq Z, Saleem M. Successful treatment of hepatitis c virus genotype 4 in renal transplant recipients with direct-acting antiviral agents. Am J Transplant. 2016th ed. 2016;16(7):2237-2238.

Indolfi G, Easterbrook P, Dusheiko GM, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4:477-487.

Ingiliz P, Krznaric I, Stellbrink H-J, Knecht G, Lutz T, Noah C, et al. Multiple hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfections in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: no influence of HCV genotype switch or interleukin-28B genotype on spontaneous clearance: HCV reinfection in HIV-positive MSM. HIV Med. 2014;15(6):355-361.

Ingiliz P, Christensen S, Kimhofer T, Hueppe D, Lutz T, Schewe K, et al. Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for 8 weeks for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HCV-monoinfected and HIV-HCV-coinfected individuals: results from the German hepatitis C cohort (GECCO-01). Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(10):1320-1324.

Ingiliz P, Martin TC, Rodger A, Stellbrink HJ, Mauss S, Boesecke C, et al. HCV reinfection incidence and spontaneous clearance rates in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Western Europe. J Hepatol. 2017;66(2):282-287.

Ioannou GN, Beste LA, Chang MF, Green PK, Lowy E, Tsui JI, et al. Effectiveness of sofosbuvir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, or paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir regimens for treatment of patients with hepatitis C in the Veterans Affairs national health care system. Gastroenterology. 2016;151(3):457-471.e5.

Isakov V, Gankina N, Morozov V, et al. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 8 weeks in non-cirrhotic patients with previously untreated genotype 1 HCV Infection ± HIV-1 co-infection. Clin Drug Investig. 2018;38(3):239-247.

Isakov V, Chulanov V, Abdurakhmanov D, et al. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for the treatment of HCV: excellent results from a phase-3, open-label study in Russia and Sweden. Infect Dis (Lond). 2019;51(2):131-139.

Islam MM, Topp L, Conigrave KM, White A, Reid SE, Grummett S, et al. Linkage into specialist hepatitis C treatment services of injecting drug users attending a needle syringe program-based primary healthcare centre. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012;43(4):440-445.

Islam N, Krajden M, Shoveller J, Gustafson P, Gilbert M, Buxton JA, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and prevention of hepatitis C reinfection: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(3):200-210.

Jacobson IM, Gordon SC, Kowdley KV, et al. Sofosbuvir for hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 in patients without treatment options. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1867-1877.

Jacobson IM, Poordad F, Firpi-Morell R, Everson GT. Efficacy and Safety of Grazoprevir and Elbasvir in Hepatitis C Genotype 1-infected Patients with Child–Pugh class B cirrhosis (C-salt part A) [Abstract O008]. In 50th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), April 22-26. Vienna, Austria; 2015.

Jacobson IM, Asante-Appiah E, Wong P, Black T, Howe A, Wahl J, et al. Prevalence and impact of baseline NSA resistance associated variants (RAVs) on the efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) against GT1a infection [abstract LB-22]. The Liver Meeting. San Francisco, CA; 2015.

Jacobson IM, Lawitz E, Gane EJ, Willems BE, Ruane PJ, Nahass RG, et al. Efficacy of 8 weeks of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir in patients with chronic HCV infection: 2 phase 3 randomized trials. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(1):113-122.

Jacobson IM, Poordad F, Firpi-Morell R, Firpi-Morell R. Elbasvir/grazoprevir in people with hepatitis C genotype 1 infection and Child-Pugh class B cirrhosis: the C-SALT study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(4):e00007.

Jadoul M, Cornu C, van Ypersele de Strihou C. Universal precautions prevent hepatitis C virus transmission: a 54 month follow-up of the Belgian multicenter study. The Universitaires Cliniques St-Luc (UCL) collaborative group. Kidney Int. 1998;53(4):1022-1025.

Jezequel C, Bardou-Jacquet E, Desille Y, Renard I, Laine F, Lelan C, et al. Survival of patients infected by chronic hepatitis C and F0F1 fibrosis at baseline after a 15 year follow-up [P0709]. J Hepatol. 2015;62(Suppl 2):S589.

Jhaveri R. Diagnosis and management of hepatitis C virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(11):983-985.

Jhaveri R, Hashem M, El-Kamary SS, Saleh D'aA, Sharaf SA, El-Mougy F, et al. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertical transmission in 12-month-old infants born to HCV-infected women and assessment of maternal risk factors. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015;2(2):ofv089.

Jiang Y, Nwankwo C. Epidemiologic impact of expanding chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment in people who inject drug in the United States: a mathematical model using data from the C-EDGE CO-STAR study. Presented at the Liver Meeting 2017; October 20–24, 2017; Washington, DC.

Jin F, Matthews GV, Grulich AE. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among gay and bisexual men: a systematic review. Sex Health. 2017;14(1):28-41.

Johnson RJ, Gretch DR, Yamabe H, Hart J, Bacchi CE, Hartwell P, et al. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(7):465-470.

Johnson RJ, Gretch DR, Couser WG, Alpers CE, Wilson J, Chung M, et al. Hepatitis C virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Effect of alpha-interferon therapy. Kidney Int. 1994;46(6):1700-1704.

Johnson RE, Eissenberg T, Stitzer ML, Strain EC, Liebson IA, Bigelow GE. A placebo controlled clinical trial of buprenorphine as a treatment for opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995;40(1):17-25.

Johnson RE, Chutuape MA, Strain EC, Walsh SL, Stitzer ML, Bigelow GE. A comparison of levomethadyl acetate, buprenorphine, and methadone for opioid dependence. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(18):1290-1297.

Jonas MM, Romero R, Sokal EM, et al. Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in pediatric patients 6 to

Jonas MM, Squires RH, Rhee S. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in pediatric patients with genotypes 1-6 chronic HCV infection: part 1 of the Dora study [abstract 2379]. The Liver Meeting. San Francisco, CA; 2018.

Jonas MM, Squires RH, Rhee S, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in adolescents with chronic hepatitis C virus: part 1 of the DORA study. Hepatology. 2019;:[Epub ahead of print].

Jonas MM, Romero R, Sokal EM, et al. Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in pediatric patients 6 to

Jonas MM, Lon HK, Rhee S, Gilmour SM, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Leung D, et al. Pharmacokinetics of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in children with chronic HCV infection: interim analysis of part 2 of the DORA study [abstract 1551]. The Liver Meeting. Boston. Boston, Massachusetts; 2019.

Jonas MM, Rhee S, Kelly DA, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in children with chronic hepatitis C virus: part 2 of the DORA study. Hepatology. 2021;74(1):19-27.

Jones HE, Johnson RE, Jasinski DR, et al. Buprenorphine versus methadone in the treatment of pregnant opioid-dependent patients: effects on the neonatal abstinence syndrome. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005;79(1):1-10.

Jones HE, Kaltenbach K, Heil SH, et al. Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(24):2320-2331.

Jones CM, Logan J, Gladden RM, Bohm MK. Vital Signs: Demographic and substance use trends among heroin users - United States, 2002-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(26):719-725.

Jones JM, Kracalik I, Levi ME, 3rd JSBowman, Berger JJ, Bixler D, et al. Assessing Solid Organ Donors and Monitoring Transplant Recipients for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection - U.S. Public Health Service Guideline, 2020. MMWR Recomm Rep [Internet]. 2020;69(4):1-16. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6904a1

Kakko J, Svanborg KD, Kreek MJ, Heilig M. 1-year retention and social function after buprenorphine-assisted relapse prevention treatment for heroin dependence in Sweden: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial . Lancet. 2003;361(9358):662-668.

Kakko J, Gronbladh L, Svanborg KD, et al. A stepped care strategy using buprenorphine and methadone versus conventional methadone maintenance in heroin dependence: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(5):797-803.

Kamal SM. Acute hepatitis C: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(5):1283-1297.

Kamal S, Khan MAli, Seth A, Cholankeril G, Gupta D, Singh U, et al. Beneficial effects of statins on the rates of hepatic fibrosis, hepatic decompensation, and mortality in chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(10):1495-1505.

Kamar N, Marion O, Rostaing L, Cointault O, Ribes D, Lavayssière L, et al.. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based antiviral therapy to treat hepatitis C virus infection after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2016;16(5):1474-1479.

Kampman K, Jarvis M. American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) national practice guideline for the use of medications in the treatment of addiction involving opioid use. J Addict Med. 2915;9(5):358-367.

Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Ilyas J, Duan Z, El-Serag HB. HCV genotype 3 is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in a national sample of US veterans with HCV. Hepatology. 2014;60(1):98-105.

Kapila N, Al-Khalloufi K, Bejarano PA, Vanatta JM, Zervos XB. Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis after kidney transplantation from HCV-viremic donors to HCV-negative recipients: A unique complication in the DAA era. Am J Transplant. 2019;:Aug 26. doi: 10.1111/ajt.15583. [Epub ahead of print].

Kattakuzhy S, Gross C, Emmanuel B. Expansion of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection by task shifting to community-based nonspecialist providers: a nonrandomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(5):311-318.

Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO). KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2008;(109):S1-S99.

Khatri A, Trinh R, Zhao W, Podsadecki T, Menon RM. Drug-drug interaction between the direct-acting antiviral regimen of ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir plus dasabuvir and the HIV antiretroviral agent dolutegravir or abacavir plus lamivudine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(10):6244-6251.

Khatri A, Dutta S, Wang H, et al. Evaluation of drug-drug interactions between hepatitis C antiviral agents ombitasvir, paritaprevir/ritonavir, and dasabuvir and HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(8):972-979.

Khokhar OS, Lewis JH. Reasons why patients infected with chronic hepatitis C virus choose to defer treatment: do they alter their decision with time?. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52(5):1168-1176.

Kim AY, Nagami EH, Birch CE, Bowen MJ, Lauer GM, McGovern BH. A simple strategy to identify acute hepatitis C virus infection among newly incarcerated injection drug users. Hepatology. 2013;57(3):944-952.

Kim M, Stern J, Robalino R, et al. Caregiver exposure to hepatitis C virus following transplantation with hepatitis C viremic donor organs: A case series. Transpl Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022;24(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13775

Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Astemborski J, Galai N, Washington J, Higgins Y, et al. HIV, age, and the severity of hepatitis C virus-related liver disease: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(9):658-666.

Klein SJ, Wright LN, Birkhead GS, Mojica BA, Klopf LC, Klein LA, et al. Promoting HCV treatment completion for prison inmates: New York state's hepatitis C continuity program. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(2 Suppl):83-88.

Kleiner DE. The liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis C: a view from the other side of the microscope. Semin Liver Dis. 2005;25(1):52-64.

Kohler JJ, Nettles JH, Amblard F, Hurwitz SJ, Bassit L, Stanton RA, et al. Approaches to hepatitis C treatment and cure using NS5A inhibitors. Infect Drug Resist. 2014;7:41-56.

Kohli A, Kapoor R, Sims Z, Nelson A, Sidharthan S, Lam B, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for hepatitis C genotype 4: a proof-of-concept, single-centre, open-label phase 2a cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(9):1049-1054.

Konerman MA, Mehta SH, Sutcliffe CG, Vu T, Higgins Y, Torbenson MS, et al. Fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected adults: prospective analysis of 435 liver biopsy pairs. Hepatology. 2014;59(3):767-775.

Koneru A, Nelson N, Hariri S, Canary L, Sanders KJ, Maxwell JF, et al. Increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) detection in women of childbearing age and potential risk for vertical transmission - United States and Kentucky, 2011-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(28):705-710.

Korthuis PT, McCarty D, Weimer M, et al. Primary care-based models for the treatment of opioid use disorder: a scoping review. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(4):268-278.

Kosloski MP, Dutta S, Viani RM, Qi X, Trinh R, Campbell A, et al. Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir interactions with combination antiretroviral regimens [#413]. In Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, WA; 2017.

Kosloski MP, Oberoi R, Wang S, et al. Drug-drug interactions of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir coadministered with human immunodeficiency virus antiretrovirals. J Infect Dis. 2020;221(2):223-231.

Kowdley KV, Gordon SC, Reddy KR, Rossaro L, Bernstein DE, Lawitz EJ, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 weeks for chronic HCV without cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(20):1879-1888.

Kowdley KV, Sundaram V, Jeon CY, Qureshi K, Latt NL, Sahota A, et al. Eight weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir is effective for selected patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 2016;65(4):1094-1103.

Kramer JR, Puenpatom A, Erickson KF, et al. Real-world effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir In HCV-infected patients in the US Veterans Affairs healthcare system. J Viral Hepat. 2018;25(11):1270-1279.

Krassenburg L, Maan R, Ramji A, et al. Clinical outcomes following DAA therapy in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis depend on disease severity. J Hepatol. 2021;74(5):1053-1063.

Krishnan P, Pilot-Matias T, Schnell G, Tripathi R, Ng TI, Reisch T, et al. Pooled resistance analysis in HCV genotype 1-6 infected patients treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(10):pii: e01249-18.

Kruse RL, Kramer JR, Tyson GL, Duan Z, Chen L, El-Serag HB, et al. Clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus coinfection in a United States cohort of hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Hepatology. 2014;60(6):1871-1878.

Kucirka LM, Peters TG, Segev DL. Impact of donor hepatitis C virus infection status on death and need for liver transplant in hepatitis C virus-positive kidney transplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60:112-120.

Kukla M, Piotrowski D, Waluga M, Hartleb M. Insulin resistance and its consequences in chronic hepatitis C. Clin Exp Hepatol. 2015;1(1):17-29.

Kuncio DE, E. Newbern C, Fernandez-Viña MH, Herdman B, Johnson CC, Viner KM. Comparison of risk-based hepatitis C screening and the true seroprevalence in an urban prison system. J Urban Health. 2015;92(2):379-386.

Kuncio DE, E. Newbern C, Johnson CC, Viner KM. Failure to test and identify perinatally infected children born to hepatitis C virus-infected women. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(8):980-985.

Kushner T, Serper M, Kaplan DE. Delta hepatitis within the Veterans Affairs medical system in the United States: Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. J Hepatol. 2015;63(3):586-592.

Kwo PY, Gane EJ, Peng C-Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of grazoprevir/elbasvir +/- RBV for 12 weeks in patients with HCV G1 or G4 infection who previously failed peginterferon/RBV: C-EDGE treatment-experienced trial [P0886]. J Hepatol. 2015;62(Suppl 2):S674-S675.

Kwo PY, Gitlin N, Nahass R, et al. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir (12 and 8 weeks) in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected patients without cirrhosis: OPTIMIST-1, a phase 3, randomized study. Hepatology. 2016;64(2):370-380.

Kwo PY, Wyles DL, Wang S, Poordad F, Gane E, Maliakkal B, et al. 100% SVR4 with ABT-493 and ABT-530 with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive HCV genotype 3-infected patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2016;64(2):S208.

Kwo PY, Gane EJ, Peng CY, Pearlman B, Vierling JM, Serfaty L, et al. Effectiveness of elbasvir and grazoprevir combination, with or without ribavirin, for treatment-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(1):164-175.e4.

Kwo PY, Poordad F, Asatryan A, Wang S, Wyles DL, Hassanein T, et al. Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir yield high response rates in patients with HCV genotype 1-6 without cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2017;67(2):263-271.

Kwok RM, Ahn J, Schiano TD, Te HS, Potosky DR, Tierney A, et al. Sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir for recurrent hepatitis C in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl. 2016;22(11):1536-1543.

Kwong AJ, Wall A, Melcher M, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-viremic recipients with HCV viremic donors. Am J Transplant. 2019;19(5):1380-1387.

LaBelle CT, Han SC, Bergeron A, Samet JH. Office-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine (OBOT-B): statewide implementation of the Massachusetts collaborative care model in community health centers. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016;(60):6-13.

Lai JC, Kahn JG, Tavakol M, Peters MG, Roberts JP. Reducing infection transmission in solid organ transplantation through donor nucleic acid testing: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Transplant. 2013;13(10):2611-2618.

Lalezari J, Sullivan J, Varunok P, et al. Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir plus ribavirin in HCV genotype 1-infected patients on methadone or buprenorphine. J Hepatol. 2015;63(2):364-369.

Lambers FA, Prins M, Thomas X, et al, et al. Alarming incidence of hepatitis C virus re-infection after treatment of sexually acquired acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM. AIDS. 2011;25(17):F21-F27.

Lampertico P, Carrión JA, Curry M, et al. Real-world effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2020;72(6):1112-1121.

Landau DA, Scerra S, Sene D, Resche-Rigon M, Saadoun D, Cacoub P. Causes and predictive factors of mortality in a cohort of patients with hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis treated with antiviral therapy. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(3):615-621.

Lange B, Roberts T, Cohn J. Diagnostic accuracy of detection and quantification of HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA using dried blood spot (DBS) samples - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(Suppl 1):693.

Larney S, Kopinski H, Beckwith CG, et al. Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in prisons and other closed settings: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2013;58(4):1215-1224.

Lawitz E, Mangia A, Wyles D, et al. Sofosbuvir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1878-1887.

Lawitz EJ, Poordad F, Pang PS, Hyland RH, Ding X, Mo H, et al. Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin in treatment-naive and previously treated patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection (LONESTAR): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2014;383(9916):515-523.

Lawitz EJ, Sulkowski MS, Ghalib R, Rodriguez-Torres M, Younossi ZM, Corregidor A, et al. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, to treat chronic infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in non-responders to pegylated interferon and ribavirin and treatment-naive patients: the COSMOS randomised study. Lancet. 2014;384(9956):1756-1765.

Lawitz EJ, Gane EJ, Pearlman B, et al. Efficacy and safety of 12 wks vs 18 wks of treatment w/ GRZ and ELB w/ or without RBV for HCV GT1 infection in previously untreated pts w/ cirrhosis and pts w/ previous null response w/ or without cirrhosis (C-WORTHY), randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9973):1075-1086.

Lawitz EJ, Poordad F, Gutierrez JA, et al. Simeprevir, daclatasvir and sofosbuvir for hepatitis C virus-infected patients with decompensated liver disease. J Viral Hepat. 2016 Nov 23th ed. 2017;24(4):287-294.

Lawitz E, Landis C, Maliakkal B, et al. Safety and efficacy of treatment with once daily ledipasvir/sofobuvir (90/400 mg) for 12 weeks in genotype 1 HCV infected patients with severe renal impairment. The Liver Meeting. Boston, MA; 2017.

Lawitz EJ, Gane EJ, Zadeikis N, et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with chronic HCV infection and moderate to severe renal impairment: an integrated analysis [abstract 0715B]. The Liver Meeting. San Francisco, CA; 2018.

Lawitz E, Flisiak R, Abunimeh M, et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in renally impaired patients with chronic HCV infection. Liver Int. 2020;40(5):1032-1041.

Lawrinson P, Ali R, Buavirat A, Chiamwongpaet S, Dvoryak S, Habrat B, et al. Key findings from the WHO collaborative study on substitution therapy for opioid dependence and HIV/AIDS. Addiction. 2008;103(9):1484-1492.

Lee SR, Kardos KW, Schiff ER, Berne CA, Mounzer K, Banks AT, et al. Evaluation of a new, rapid test for detecting HCV infection, suitable for use with blood or oral fluid. J Virol Methods. 2011;172(1-2):27-31.

Lee CK, Perez-Atayde AR, Mitchell PD, Raza R, Afdhal NH, Jonas MM. Serum biomarkers and transient elastography as predictors of advanced liver fibrosis in a United States cohort: the Boston Children's Hospital experience. J Pediatr. 2013;163(4):1058-1064.e2.

Lee JJ, Lin MY, Chang JS, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection increases risk of developing end-stage renal disease using competing risk analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100790.

Lee SW, Lee TY, Yang SS, Peng YC, Yeh HZ, Chang CS. Prevalence of hepatitis B reactivation among Chinese individuals with chronic hepatitis C treated with pan-oral direct-acting antivirals. Gastroenterology Res. 2018;11(2):124-129.

Leroy V, Angus P, Bronowicki JP, et al. Daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus genotype 3 and advanced liver disease: A randomized phase III study (ALLY-3+). Hepatology. 2016 Mar 4.th ed. 2016;63(5):1430-1441.

Levitsky J, Verna EC, O'Leary JG, et al. Perioperative ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for HCV in liver-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(21):2106-2108.

Levitsky J, Formica RN, Bloom RD, et al. The American Society of Transplantation Consensus Conference on the use of hepatitis C viremic donors in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2017;17(11):2790-2802.

Lewis JH, Mortensen ME, Zweig S, Fusco MJ, Medoff JR, Belder R, et al. Efficacy and safety of high-dose pravastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients with well-compensated chronic liver disease: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Hepatology. 2007;46(5):1453-1463.

Li J, Gordon SC, Rupp LB, et al. Sustained virological response to hepatitis C treatment decreases the incidence of complications associated with type 2 diabetes. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;49(5):599-608.

Li M, Chen J, Fang Z, Li Y, Lin Q. Sofosbuvir-based regimen is safe and effective for hepatitis C infected patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Virol J. 2019;16(1):34.

Limketkai BN, Mehta SH, Sutcliffe CG, Higgins YM, Torbenson MS, Brinkley SC, et al. Relationship of liver disease stage and antiviral therapy with liver-related events and death in adults coinfected with HIV/HCV. JAMA. 2012;308(4):370-378.

Lin HH, Kao JH. Hepatitis C virus load during pregnancy and puerperium. BJOG. 2000;107(12):1503-1506.

Linas BP, Wong AY, Schackman BR, Kim AY, Freedberg KA. Cost-effective screening for acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(2):279-290.

Linas BP, Barter DM, Morgan JR, Pho MT, Leff JA, Schackman BR, et al. The cost-effectiveness of sofosbuvir-based regimens for treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 infection. Ann. Intern. Med. 2015;162(9):619-629.

Ling W, Wesson DR, Charuvastra C, Klett CJ. A controlled trial comparing buprenorphine and methadone maintenance in opioid dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53(5):401-407.

Ling W, Charuvastra C, Collins JF, et al. Buprenorphine maintenance treatment of opiate dependence: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Addiction. 1998;93(4):475-486.

Ling W, Casadonte P, Bigelow G, et al. Buprenorphine implants for treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010;304(14):1576-1583.

Litwin AH, Harris KA, Nahvi S, et al. Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin in a methadone maintenance treatment program. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009;37(1):32-40.

Litwin AH, Smith BD, Drainoni ML, McKee D, Gifford AL, Koppelman E, et al. Primary care-based interventions are associated with increases in hepatitis C virus testing for patients at risk. Dig Liver Dis. 2012;44(6):497-503.

Liu S, Watcha D, Holodniy M, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD. Sofosbuvir-based treatment regimens for chronic, genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection in US incarcerated populations: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(8):546-553.

Liu CH, Chen CY, Su WW, et al. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir plus ribavirin for Child-Pugh B and Child-Pugh C hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Clin Mol Hepatol [Internet]. 2021;27(4):575-588. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2021.0155

Liu CH, Lin JW, Liu CJ, Su TH, Wu JH, Tseng TC, et al. Long-term Evolution of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol [Internet]. 2022;(22):S1542-S3565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2022.01.050

Llaneras J, Riveiro-Barciela M, Lens S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in patients with chronic hepatitis C previously treated with DAAs. J Hepatol. 2019;71(4):666-672.

Lo Re V, Kallan MJ, Tate JP, Localio AR, Lim JK, Goetz MB, et al. Hepatic decompensation in antiretroviral-treated patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus compared with hepatitis C virus-monoinfected patients: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(6):369-379.

Lo Re V, Gowda C, Urick PN, et al. Disparities in absolute denial of modern hepatitis C therapy by type of insurance. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(7):1035-1043.

Lockart I, Matthews GV, Danta M. Sexually transmitted hepatitis C infection: the evolving epidemic in HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2019;32(1):31-37.

Logan DE, Marlatt GA. Harm reduction therapy: a practice-friendly review of research. J Clin Psychol. 2010;66(2):201-214.

Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology. 2009;50(3):661-662.

Lok AS, Sulkowski MS, Kort JJ, et al. Efficacy of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection with treatment failure after NS5A inhibitor plus sofosbuvir therapy. Gastroenterology. 2020;157(6):1506-1517.e1.

Louie KS, St Laurent S, Forssen UM, Mundy LM, Pimenta JM. The high comorbidity burden of the hepatitis C virus infected population in the United States. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:86.

Lucas GM, Chaudhry A, Hsu J, et al. Clinic-based treatment of opioid-dependent HIV-infected patients versus referral to an opioid treatment program: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(11):704-711.

Lucas GM, Ross MJ, Stock PG, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(9):1203-1207.

Ly KN, Jiles RB, Teshale EH, Foster MA, Pesano RL, Holmberg SD. Hepatitis C virus infection among reproductive-aged women and children in the United States, 2006 to 2014. Ann of Intern Med. 2017;166(11):775-782.

Lyons MS, Kunnathur VA, Rouster SD, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed hepatitis C in a midwestern urban emergency department. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(9):10-71.

Macalino GE, Vlahov D, Sanford-Colby S, et al. Prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among males in Rhode Island prisons. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(7):1218-1223.

MacBrayne CE, Castillo-Mancilla J, Burton, Jr JR, et al. Small increase in dolutegravir trough, but equivalent total dolutegravir exposure with simeprevir in HIV/HCV seronegative volunteers. Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(1):156-159.

MacDonald R, Akiyama MJ, Kopolow A, et al. Feasibility of treating hepatitis C in a transient jail population. Open Forum Infect. 2017;4(3):ofx142.

Macias J, Berenguer J, Japon MA, et al. Fast fibrosis progression between repeated liver biopsies in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus. Hepatology. 2009;50(4):1056-1063.

Macías J, Marano LE, Tellez F, et al. Response to direct-acting antiviral therapy among ongoing drug users and people receiving opioid substitution therapy. J Hepatol. 2019;71(1):45-51.

Mack CL, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Gupta N, et al. NASPGHAN practice guidelines: diagnosis and management of hepatitis C infection in infants, children, and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(6):838-855.

Macneil J, Pauly B. Needle exchange as a safe haven in an unsafe world. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2011;30(1):26-32.

S M, , P V, et al. Increasing multiorgan heart transplantation with hepatitis C virus donors in the current-era. J Heart Lung Transplant [Internet]. 2021;40(11):1382-1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2021.05.018

Maddison AR, Fisher J, Johnston G. Preventive medication use among persons with limited life expectancy. Prog Palliat Care. 2011;19(1):15-21.

Mahajan R, Liu SJ, Klevens RM, Holmberg SD. Indications for testing among reported cases of HCV infection from enhanced hepatitis surveillance sites in the United States, 2004-2010. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(8):1445-1449.

Maher L, Jalaludin B, Chant KG, Jayasuriya R, Sladden T, Kaldor JM, et al. Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C seroconversion in injecting drug users in Australia. Addiction. 2006;101(10):1499-1508.

Mangia A, Milligan S, Khalili M, et al. Global real-world evidence of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir as a simple, effective regimen for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients: Integrated analysis of 12 clinical practice cohorts. International Liver Congress. Vienna, Austria; 2019.

Mangia A, Milligan S, Khalili M, et al. Global real-world evidence of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir as simple, effective HCV treatment: analysis of 5552 patients from 12 cohorts. Liver Int. 2020;40(8):1841-1852.

Manns MP, Pockros PJ, Norkrans G, Smith CI, Morgan TR, Haussinger D, et al. Long-term clearance of hepatitis C virus following interferon alpha-2b or peginterferon alpha-2b, alone or in combination with ribavirin. J Viral Hepat. 2013;20(8):524-529.

Manns M, Samuel D, Gane EJ, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 or 4 hepatitis C virus infection and advanced liver disease: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(6):685-697.

Mao L, Kippax SC, Holt M, Prestage GP, Zablotska IB, de Wit JBF. Rates of condom and non-condom-based anal intercourse practices among homosexually active men in Australia: deliberate HIV risk reduction?. Sex Transm Infect. 2011;87(6):489-493.

Marcellin P, Boyer N, Gervais A, Martinot M, Pouteau M, Castelnau C, et al. Long-term histologic improvement and loss of detectable intrahepatic HCV RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C and sustained response to interferon-alpha therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127(10):875-881.

Marco A, Esteban JI, Sole C, et al. Hepatitis C virus reinfection among prisoners with sustained virological response after treatment for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2013;59(1):45-51.

Marcus JL, Hurley LB, Chamberland S. No difference in effectiveness of 8 vs 12 weeks of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for treatment of hepatitis C in black patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(6):927-935.

Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB. Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;68(2):723-750.

Marrie TJ, Tyrrell GJ, Garg S, Vanderkooi O. Factors predicting mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease in adults in Alberta. Medicine. 2011;90(3):171-179.

Martin NK, Hickman M, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg DJ, Vickerman P. Combination interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe programs, and opiate substitution therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S39-S45.

Martin NK, Hickman M, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg DJ, Vickerman P. Combination interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe programs, and opiate substitution therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S39-S45.

Martin NK, Vickerman P, Grebely J, et al. Hepatitis C virus treatment for prevention among people who inject drugs: modeling treatment scale-up in the age of direct-acting antivirals. Hepatology. 2013;58(5):1598-1609.

Martin NK, Vickerman P, Dore GJ, Hickman M. The hepatitis C virus epidemics in key populations (including people who inject drugs, prisoners and MSM): the use of direct-acting antivirals as treatment for prevention. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015;10(5):374-380.

Martin TCS, Singh GJ, McClure M, Nelson M. HCV reinfection among HIV-positive men who have sex with men: a pragmatic approach. Hepatology. 2015;61(4):1437-1437.

Martin NK, Thornton A, Hickman M, et al. Can hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antiviral treatment as prevention reverse the HCV epidemic among men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom? Epidemiological and modeling insights. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 16.th ed. 2016;62(9):1072-1080.

Martin NK, Vickerman P, Dore GJ, et al. Prioritization of HCV treatment in the directacting antiviral era: an economic evaluation. J Hepatol. 2016;65(1):17-25.

Martinello M, Orkin C, Cooke G, et al. Short-duration pan-genotypic therapy with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 6 weeks among people with recent hepatitis C viral infection. Hepatology. 2020;72(1):7-18.

Maruschak L, Chari KA, Simon AE, DeFrances CJ. National survey of prison health care: selected findings. Natl Health Stat Report. 2016;(96):1-23.

Mast EE, Hwang L-Y, Seto DSY, et al. Risk factors for perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the natural history of HCV infection acquired in infancy. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(11):1880-1889.

Mateu-Gelabert P, Sabounchi NS, Guarino H, et al. Hepatitis C virus risk among young people who inject drugs. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022;10:835836.

Matheï C, Bourgeois S, Blach S, et al. Mitigating the burden of hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs in Belgium. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2016;79(2):227-232.

Matsuda T, McCombs JS, Tonnu-MiHara I, McGinnis J, Fox DS. The impact of delayed hepatitis C viral load suppression on patient risk: historical evidence from the Veterans Administration. Forum Health Econ Policy. 2016;19(2):333-351.

Matthews GV, Hellard M, Kaldor J, Lloyd A, Dore GJ. Further evidence of HCV sexual transmission among HIV-positive men who have sex with men: response to Danta et al. AIDS. 2007;21(15):2112 - 2113.

Matthews GV, Bhagani S, Van der Valk M, et al. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 vs 6 weeks for the treatment of recently acquired hepatitis C infection. J Hepatol. 2021;S0168-8278(21):00336-6.

Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):CD002209.

Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(2):CD002207.

Maurer K, Gondles EF, Efeti D, Strom HV, Strom HV. Hepatitis C in correctional settings: challenges and opportunities. 2015;.

Mazzaro C, Little D, Pozzato G. Regression of splenic lymphoma after treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(26):2168-2170.

McCombs JS, Tonnu-MiHara I, Matsuda T, McGinnis J, Fox S. Can hepatitis C treatment be safely delayed? Evidence from the Veterans Administration healthcare system [PIN104]. Value Health. 2015;18(3):A245.

McGovern BH, Birch CE, Bowen MJ, Reyor LL, Nagami EH, Chung RT, et al. Improving the diagnosis of acute hepatitis C virus infection with expanded viral load criteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(7):1051-1060.

McGowan CE, Monis A, Bacon BR, Mallolas J, Goncales, Jr. FL, Goulis I, et al. A global view of hepatitis C: physician knowledge, opinions, and perceived barriers to care. Hepatology. 2013;57(4):1325-1332.

McLean RC, Reese PP, Acker M, et al. Transplanting hepatitis C virus-infected hearts into uninfected recipients: A single-arm trial. Am J Transplant. 2019;19(9):2533-2542.

Mehta SH, Brancati FL, Sulkowski MS, Strathdee SA, Szklo M, Thomas DL. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among persons with hepatitis C virus infection in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133(8):592-599.

Mehta SH, Lucas GM, Mirel LB, Torbenson M, Higgins Y, Moore RD, et al. Limited effectiveness of antiviral treatment for hepatitis C in an urban HIV clinic. AIDS. 2006;20(18):2361-2369.

Menon RM, Badri PS, Wang T, Polepally AR, Zha J, Khatri A, et al. Drug-drug interaction profile of the all-oral anti-hepatitis C virus regimen of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir. J Hepatol. 2015;63(1):20-29.

Mera J, Vellozzi C, Hariri S. Identification and clinical management of persons with chronic hepatitis C virus infection - Cherokee Nation, 2012-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(18):461-466.

Merchante N, Giron-Gonzalez JA, Gonzalez-Serrano M, et al. Survival and prognostic factors of HIV-infected patients with HCV-related end-stage liver disease. AIDS. 2006;20(1):49-57.

Mettikanont P, Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. Systematic review: epidemiology and response to direct-acting antiviral therapy in genotype 6 chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;49(5):492-505.

Midgard H, Bramness JG, Skurtveit S, Haukeland JW, Dalgard O. Hepatitis C treatment uptake among patients who have received opioid substitution treatment: a population-based study. PloS One. 2016;11(11):e0166451.

Midgard H, Bjøro B, Mæland A, et al. Hepatitis C reinfection after sustained virological response. J Hepatol. 2016;64(5):1020-1026.

Miller L, Fluker SA, Osborn M, Liu X, Strawder A. Improving access to hepatitis C care for urban, underserved patients using a primary care-based hepatitis C clinic. J Natl Med Assoc. 2012;104(5-6):244-250.

Minola E, Prati D, Suter F, et al. Age at infection affects the long-term outcome of transfusion-associated chronic hepatitis C. Blood. 2002;99(12):4588-4591.

Minton TD, Zeng Z. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Jail inmates in 2015. 2016.

Mira JA, Rivero-Juárez A, Lopez-Cortes LF, Giron-Gonzalez JA, Tellez F, Santos-Gil ID, et al.. Benefits from sustained virologic response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients with compensated cirrhosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(11):1646-1653.

Mizuochi T, Takano T, Yanagi T, et al. Epidemiologic features of 348 children with hepatitis C virus infection over a 30-year period: a nationwide survey in Japan. J Gastroenterol. 2018;53:419-426.

Modi AA, Nazario H, Trotter JF, et al. Safety and efficacy of simeprevir plus sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in patients with decompensated genotype 1 hepatitis C cirrhosis. Liver Transpl. 2016;22(3):281-286.

Mogalian E, German P, Kearney BP, et al. Use of multiple probes to assess transporter- and cytochrome P450-mediated drug-drug interaction potential of the pangenotypic HCV NS5A inhibitor velpatasvir. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016;55(5):605-613.

Mogalian E, Stamm LM, Osinusi A, et al. Drug-drug interaction studies between hepatitis C virus antivirals sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and boosted and unboosted human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral regimens in healthy volunteers. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;56(6):934-940.

Molnar MZ, Nair S, Cseprekal O, et al. Transplantation of kidneys from hepatitis C-infected donors to hepatitis C-negative recipients: single center experience. Am J Transplant. 2019;19(11):3046-3057.

Molnar MZ, Azhar A, Tsujita M, et al. Transplantation of kidneys from hepatitis C virus-infected donors to hepatitis C virus-negative recipients: one-year kidney allograft outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis [Internet]. 2021;77(5):739-747. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.017

Moore BA, Barry DT, Sullivan LE, et al. Counseling and directly observed medication for primary care buprenorphine maintenance: a pilot study. J Addict Med. 2012;6(3):205-211.

Morey S, Hamoodi A, Jones D, Young T. Increased diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C in prison by universal offer of testing and use of telemedicine. J Viral Hepat. 2019;26(1):101-108.

Morgan TR, Ghany MG, Kim HY, et al. Outcome of sustained virological responders with histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2010;52(3):833-844.

Morgan RL, Baack B, Smith BD, Yartel A, Pitasi M, Falck-Ytter Y. Eradication of hepatitis C virus infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(5 Pt 1):329-337.

Morisco F, Granata R, Stroffolini T, Guarino M, Donnarumma L, Gaeta L, et al. Sustained virological response: a milestone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(18):2793-2798.

Morrill JA, Shrestha M, Grant RW. Barriers to the treatment of hepatitis C. Patient, provider, and system factors. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(8):754-758.

Mosley JW, Operskalski EA, Tobler LH, et al. The course of hepatitis C viraemia in transfusion recipients prior to availability of antiviral therapy. J Viral Hepat. 2008;15(2):120-128.

Moucari R, Asselah T, Cazals-Hatem D, et al. Insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C: association with genotypes 1 and 4, serum HCV RNA level, and liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:416-423.

Moyer VA. Screening for HIV: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(1):51-60.

Moyer VA. Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(5):349-357.

Mücke MM, Backus LI, Mücke VT. Hepatitis B virus reactivation during direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3(3):172-180.

Murphy SM, Dweik D, McPherson S, Roll JM. Association between hepatitis C virus and opioid use while in buprenorphine treatment: preliminary findings. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2015;41(1):88-92.

Murray KF, Balistreri WF, Bansal S, et al. Safety and efficacy of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in children ages 6-11. Hepatology. 2018;68:2158-2166.

Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G. A meta-analysis of randomized trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2010;52(1):79-104.

Myers JJ, Shade SB, Rose CDawson, Koester K, Maiorana A, Malitz FE, et al. Interventions delivered in clinical settings are effective in reducing risk of HIV transmission among people living with HIV: results from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)'s special projects of national significance initiative. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(3):483-492.

Naganuma A, Chayama K, Notsumata K, et al. Integrated analysis of 8-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in Japanese and overseas patients without cirrhosis and with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 2 infection. J Gastroenterol. 2019;54(8):752-761.

Naggie S, Cooper C, Saag M, Workowski K, Ruane PJ, Towner WJ, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for HCV in patients coinfected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(8):705-713.

Naggie S, Fierer DS, Hughes M, et al. 100% SVR with 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in HIV-infected men with acute HCV infection: results from the SWIFT-C trial [abstract]. Hepatology. 2017;66(Suppl.):196.

Naggie S, Fierer DS, Hughes MD, et al. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 8 weeks to treat acute hepatitis C virus infections in men with human immunodeficiency virus infections: sofosbuvir-containing regimens without interferon for treatment of acute HCV in HIV-1 infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(3):514-522.

Najafzadeh M, Andersson K, Shrank WH, et al. Cost-effectiveness of novel regimens for the treatment of hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(6):407-419.

Nakano Y, Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, Matsumoto A, Ichijo T, et al. Acute hepatitis C transmitted by needlestick accident despite short duration interferon treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995;10(5):609-611.

National Academies of Sciences, committee on a national strategy for the elimination of hepatitis B and C, board on population health and public health practice: a national strategy for the elimination of hepatitis B and C: phase two report. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2017.

Nazario HE, Ndungu M, Modi AA. Sofosbuvir and simeprevir in hepatitis C genotype 1-patients with endstage renal disease on haemodialysis or GFR

Neary MP, Cort S, Bayliss MS, Ware JE. Sustained virologic response is associated with improved health-related quality of life in relapsed chronic hepatitis C patients. Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19(Suppl 1):77-85.

Neate R. Welcome to Jail Inc: how private companies make money off US prisons. The Guardian. 2016;.

Nelson PK, Mathers BM, Cowie B, Hagan H, Des Jarlais D, Horyniak D, et al. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: results of systematic reviews. Lancet. 2011;378(9791):571-583.

Nelson DR, Cooper JN, Lalezari JP, et al. All-oral 12-week treatment with daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection: ALLY-3 phase III study. Lawitz EJ, Pockros PJ, Gitlin N, Freilich BF, Younes ZH, Harlan W, et al. Hepatology. 2015;61(4):1127-1135.

Neumann UP, Berg T, Bahra M, Seehofer D, Langrehr JM, Neuhaus R, et al. Fibrosis progression after liver transplantation in patients with recurrent hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2004;41(5):830-836.

Newsum AM, Stolte IG, van der Meer JTM. Development and validation of the HCV-MOSAIC risk score to assist testing for acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Euro Surveill. 2017;22(21):30540.

Ng T, Lu L, Reisch T, et al. Resistance selection using glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in replicons of major hepatitis C virus genotypes. Krishnan P, Schnell G, Tripathi R, Beyer J, Dekhtyar T, Irvin M, et al. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):S324.

Ng TI, Krishnan P, Pilot-Matias T, et al. In vitro antiviral activity and resistance profile of the next-generation hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor pibrentasvir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(5):pii: e02558-16.

Nguyen MH, Trinh H, Do S, Nguyen T, Nguyen P, Henry L. Open label study of 8 vs. 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in genotype 6 treatment naïve or experienced patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(12):1824-1831.

Nguyen E, Trinh S, Trinh H, et al. Sustained virologic response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 treated with ledipasvir+sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir+velpatasvir. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;49(1):99-106.

Nguyen J, Barritt AS, Jhaveri R. Cost effectiveness of early treatment with direct-acting antiviral therapy in adolescent patients with hepatitis C infection. J Pediatr. 2019;(207):90-96.

ChemSex and hepatitis C: a guide for healthcare providers. [Internet]. Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust website. Accessed June 13, 2019. 2014 . https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/services/hiv-sexual-health/professionals/links/ChemSex-Hep-C-Guide.pdf

Nielsen J, Christensen VB, Borgwardt L, Rasmussen A, Ostrup O, Kjaer MS. Prognostic molecular markers in pediatric liver disease - Are there any?. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2019;(1865):577-586.

Noda K, Yoshihara H, Suzuki K, Yamada Y, Kasahara A, Hayashi N, et al. Progression of type C chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma--its relationship to alcohol drinking and the age of transfusion. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996;20(1 Suppl):95A-100A.

Nolan S, DiasLima V, Fairbairn N, et al. The impact of methadone maintenance therapy on hepatitis C incidence among illicit drug users. Addiction. 2014;109(12):2053-2059.

Norton BL, Fleming J, Bachhuber MA, et al. High HCV cure rates for people who use drugs treated with direct acting antiviral therapy at an urban primary care clinic. Steinman M, DeLuca J, Cunningham CO, Johnson N, Laraque F, Litwin AH. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;47:196-201.

Nutt AK, Hassan HA, Lindsey J, Lamps LW, Raufman JP. Liver biopsy in the evaluation of patients with chronic hepatitis C who have repeatedly normal or near-normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Am J Med. 2000;109(1):62-64.

O'Brien TR, Lang Kuhs KA, Pfeiffer RM. Subgroup differences in response to 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for chronic hepatitis C. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2014;1(3):ofu110.

O'Connor PG, Oliveto AH, Shi JM, et al. A randomized trial of buprenorphine maintenance for heroin dependence in a primary care clinic for substance users versus a methadone clinic. Am J Med. 1998;105(2):100-105.

O'Leary JG, Fontana RJ, Brown K, et al. Efficacy and safety of simeprevir and sofosbuvir with and without ribavirin in subjects with recurrent genotype 1 hepatitis C postorthotopic liver transplant: the randomized GALAXY study. Burton, Jr JR, Firpi-Morell R, Muir A, O'Brien C, Rabinovitz M, Reddy R, et al. Transpl Int. 2017;30(2):196 - 208.

Kosloski MP, Dutta S, Ding B, et al. Interactions between ABT-493 plus ABT-530 combination and rilpivirine or raltegravir [poster #453]. Oberoi RK, Hu B, Wang S, Kort J, Liu W. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Boston, MA; 2016.

Olysio [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Janssen Therapeutics; 2017.

Ortiz V, Berenguer M, Rayon JM, Carrasco D, Berenguer J. Contribution of obesity to hepatitis C-related fibrosis progression. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(9):2408-2414.

Osinusi A, Kohli A, Marti MM, Nelson A, Zhang X, Meissner EG, et al. Re-treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection after relapse: an open-label pilot study. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(9):634-638.

Osinusi A, Townsend K, Kohli A, Nelson A, Seamon C, Meissner EG, et al. Virologic response following combined ledipasvir and sofosbuvir administration in patients with HCV genotype 1 and HIV coinfection. JAMA. 2015;313(12):1232-1239.

Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan S, Snoeys J, Peeters M, Beumont-Mauviel M, Simion A. Drug-drug interactions with the NS3/4A protease inhibitor simeprevir. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016;55(2):197-208.

Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, et al. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adolescents and adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2020;.

Page EE, Nelson M. Hepatitis C and sex. Clin Med (Lond). 2016;16(2):189-192.

Pageaux GP, Nzinga CL, Ganne N, Ganne N. Clinical outcomes after treatment with direct antiviral agents: beyond the virological response in patients with previous HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022;22(1):94. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07076-0

Pakianathan M, Whittaker W, Lee M, et al. Chemsex and new HIV diagnosis in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics. HIV Med. 2018;19(7):485-490.

Papaluca T, Roberts SK, Strasser SI, et al. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir for HCV NS5A-inhibitor experienced patients with difficult to cure characteristics. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;:ciaa1318. Online ahead if print.

Papaluca T, Roberts SK, SI S, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS5A-Inhibitor Experienced Patients With Difficult to Cure Characteristics. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;73(9):e3288-e3295. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1318

Park H, Chen C, Wang W, Henry L, Cook RL, Nelson DR. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) while effective HCV treatment decreases the incidence of CKD. Hepatology [Internet]. 2018;67(2):492-504. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29505

Patel S, Andres J, Qureshi K. An unexpected interaction between sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and atorvastatin and colchicine causing rhabdomyolysis in a patient with impaired renal function. Case Rep Med. 2016;2016:3191089.

Patel S, Martin MT, Flamm SL. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir for hepatitis C virus retreatment in decompensated cirrhosis. Liver Int [Internet]. 2021;41(12):3024–3027. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15075

Pavone P, Tieghi T, d'Ettorre G, et al. Rapid decline of fasting glucose in HCV diabetic patients treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(462):e461-463.

Pawlotsky JM. Use and interpretation of virological tests for hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2002;36(5 Suppl 1):S65-S73.

Pawlotsky J-M. Hepatitis C virus resistance to direct-acting antiviral drugs in interferon-free regimens. Gastroenterology. 2016;151(1):70-86.

Pearlman B, Perrys M, Hinds A. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir for previous treatment failures with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in chronic hepatitis C infection. Am J Gastroenterol. San Francisco, CA; 2019;114(9):1550-1552.

Petta S, Camma C, di Marco V, et al. Insulin resistance and diabetes increase fibrosis in the liver of patients with genotype 1 HCV infection. Alessi N, Cabibi D, Caldarella R, Licata A, Massenti F, Tarantino G, et al. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(5):1136-1144.

Petta S, Camma C, DiMarco V, et al. Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance are associated with severe fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis caused by HBV or HCV infection. Liver Int. 2011;31:507-515.

Petta S, Maida M, Macaluso FS, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Barbara M, Licata A, Craxi A, Camma C. Gastroenterology. 2015 Sep 18th ed. 2016;150(1):145-155.e4.

Pianko S, Flamm SL, Shiffman ML, et al. Sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir combination therapy for treatment-experienced patients with genotype 1 or 3 hepatitis C virus infection: a randomized trial. Kumar S, Strasser SI, Dore GJ, McNally J, Brainard DM, Han L, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(11):809-817.

Picciotto FP, Tritto G, Lanza AG, Addario L, De LM, Di Costanzo GG, et al. Sustained virological response to antiviral therapy reduces mortality in HCV reinfection after liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 2007;46(3):459-465.

Pineda JA, Romero-Gomez M, Díaz-García F, et al. HIV coinfection shortens the survival of patients with hepatitis C virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. Giron-Gonzalez JA, Montero JL, Torre-Cisneros J, Andrade RJ, Gonzalez-Serrano M, Aguilar J, et al. Hepatology. 2005;41(4):779-789.

Platt L, Minozzi S, Reed J, Vickerman P, Hagan H, French C, et al. Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Internet]. 2017;9(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012021.pub2

Pokorska-Spiewak M, Kowalik-Mikolajewska B, Aniszewska M, Pluta M, Marczynska M. Clinical usefulness of new noninvasive serum biomarkers for the assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis in children with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Exp Hepatol. 2017;3:198-202.

Pol S, Bourliere M, Lucier S, et al. Safety and efficacy of daclatasvir-sofosbuvir in HCV genotype 1-mono-infected patients. Hézode C, Dorival C, Larrey D, Bronowicki J-P, Ledinghen VDE, Zoulim F, et al. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):39-47.

Poordad F, Hézode C, Trinh R, et al. ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin for hepatitis C with cirrhosis. Kowdley KV, Zeuzem S, Agarwal K, Shiffman ML, Wedemeyer H, Berg T, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(21):1973-1982.

Poordad F, Schiff ER, Vierling JM, Landis C, Fontana RJ, Yang R, et al. Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus infection with advanced cirrhosis or post-liver transplantation recurrence. Hepatology. 2016;63(5):1493 - 1505.

Poordad F, Felizarta F, Asatryan A, et al. Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and prior direct-acting antiviral treatment. Sulkowski MS, Reindollar RW, Landis CS, Gordon SC, Flamm SL, Fried MW, et al. Hepatology. 2017;66(2):389-397.

Poordad F, Pol S, Asatryan A, et al. MAGELLAN-1, part 2: glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for 12 or 16 weeks in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 or 4 and prior direct-acting antiviral treatment failure. Buti M, Shaw DR, Hezode C, Lalezari J, Felizarta F, Reindollar R, et al. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(5):S1057.

Poordad F, Pol S, Asatryan A, et al. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 and past direct-acting antiviral treatment failure. Hepatology. 2018;67(4):1260.

Post JJ, Arain A, Lloyd AR. Enhancing assessment and treatment of hepatitis C in the custodial setting. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(Suppl 2):S70-S74.

Potluri VS, Goldberg DS, Mohan S, Bloom RD, Sawinski D, Abt PL, et al. National trends in utilization and 1-year outcomes with transplantation of HCV-viremic kidneys. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;30:1939-1951.

Poynard T, Bedossa P, Opolon P. Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The OBSVIRC, METAVIR, CLINIVIR, and DOSVIRC groups. Lancet. 1997;349(9055):825-832.

Poynard T, Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Goodman Z, McHutchison JG, Albrecht J. Rates and risk factors of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2001;34(5):730-739.

Poynard T, Cacoub P, Ratziu V, Myers RP, Dezailles MH, Mercadier A, et al. Fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat. 2002;9(4):295-303.

Poynard T, McHutchison JG, Manns M, Trepo C, Lindsay K, Goodman Z, et al. Impact of pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin on liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(5):1303-1313.

Pradat P, Alberti A, Poynard T, Esteban JI, Weiland O, Marcellin P, et al. Predictive value of ALT levels for histologic findings in chronic hepatitis C: a European collaborative study. Hepatology. 2002;36(4 Pt 1):973-977.

Prasad MR. Hepatitis C virus screening in pregnancy: is it time to change our practice?. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(2):229-230.

Prenner SB, VanWagner LB, Flamm SL, Salem R, Lewandowski RJ, Kulik L. Hepatocellular carcinoma decreases the chance of successful hepatitis C virus therapy with direct-acting antivirals. J Hepatol. 2017;66(6):1173-1181.

Price JC, McKinney JE, Crouch PC, et al. Sexually acquired hepatitis C infection in HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men using preexposure prophylaxis against HIV. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(9):1373-1376.

Proeschold-Bell RJ, Patkar AA, Naggie S, Coward L, Mannelli P, Yao J, et al. An integrated alcohol abuse and medical treatment model for patients with hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57(4):1083-1091.

Pufall EL, Kallan MJ, Shahmanesh M, et al, et al. Sexualized drug use ('chemsex') and high-risk sexual behaviours in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. HIV Med. 2018;19(4):261-270.

Puljic A, Salati J, Doss A, Caughey AB. Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or esophageal varices. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(3):506-509.

Pungpapong S, Aqel B, Leise M, et al. Multicenter experience using simeprevir and sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin to treat hepatitis C genotype 1 after liver transplant. Hepatol. 2015;61(6):1880-1886.

Puoti M, Lorenzini P, Cozzi-Lepri A, et al. Incidence and progression to cirrhosis of new hepatitis C virus infections in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus. Gori A, Mastroianni C, Rizzardini G, Mazzarello G, Antinori A, Monforte Ad'Arminio, et al. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(4):267.e1-267.e4.

Puoti M, Foster GR, Wang S, et al. High SVR12 with 8-week and 12-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir therapy: An integrated analysis of HCV genotype 1-6 patients without cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018;69(2):293-300.

Ramirez G, Cabral R, Patterson M, et al. Early identification and linkage to care for people with chronic HBV and HCV infection: the HepTLC initiative. Public Health Rep. 2016;131(Suppl 2):5-11.

Reau N, Kwo PY, Rhee S, et al. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment in liver or kidney transplant patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 2018;68(4):1298-1307.

Reddy KR, Bourliere M, Sulkowski MS, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection and compensated cirrhosis: An integrated safety and efficacy analysis. Omata M, Zeuzem S, Feld JJ, Lawitz EJ, Marcellin P, Welzel TM, et al. Hepatology. 2015;62(1):79-86.

Reddy KR, Pol S, Thuluvath PJ. Long-term follow-up of clinical trial patients treated for chronic HCV infection with daclatasvir-based regimens. Liver Int. 2018;38(5):821-833.

Reese PP, Abt PL, Blumberg EA, et al. Twelve-month outcomes after transplant of hepatitis C-infected kidneys into uninfected recipients: a single-group trial. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(5):273-281.

Regev A, Berho M, Jeffers LJ, Milikowski C, Molina EG, Pyrsopoulos NT, et al. Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(10):2614-2618.

Reig M, Mariño Z, Perelló C, et al. Unexpected high rate of early tumor recurrence in patients with HCV-related HCC undergoing interferon-free therapy. Iñarrairaegui M, Ribeiro A, Lens S, Díaz A, Vilana R, Darnell A, et al. J Hepatol. 2016;65(4):719-726.

Reilley B, Leston J, Redd JT, Geiger R. Lack of access to treatment as a barrier to HCV screening: a facility-based assessment in the Indian Health Service. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2014;20(4):420-423.

Rein DB, Wittenborn JS, Smith BD, et al. The cost-effectiveness, health benefits, and financial costs of new antiviral treatments for hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(2):157-168.

Resti M, Azzari C, Mannelli F, Moriondo M, Novembre E, de Martino M, et al. Mother to child transmission of hepatitis C virus: prospective study of risk factors and timing of infection in children born to women seronegative for HIV-1. Tuscany study group on hepatitis C virus infection. BMJ. 1998;317(7156):437-441.

Resti M, Jara P, Hierro L, et al. Clinical features and progression of perinatally acquired hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol. 2003;70:373-377.

Reyentovich A, Gidea CG, Smith D, et al. Outcomes of the treatment with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir following heart transplantation utilizing hepatitis C viremic donors. Clin Transplant. 2020;34(9):e13989.

Rich JD, Allen SA, Williams BA. Responding to hepatitis C through the criminal justice system. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(20):1871-1874.

Rich JD, Chandler R, Williams BA, et al. How health care reform can transform the health of criminal justice-involved individuals. Dumont D, Wang EA, Taxman FS, Allen SA, Clarke JG, Greifinger RB, et al. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014;33(3):462-467.

Richardson JL, Milam J, McCutchan A, Stoyanoff S, Bolan R, Weiss J, et al. Effect of brief safer-sex counseling by medical providers to HIV-1 seropositive patients: a multi-clinic assessment. AIDS. 2004;18(8):1179-1186.

Rindone JP, Mellen CK. Reduction in warfarin effect associated with sofosbuvir-velpatasvir. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2017;(74):1308-1311.

Rockey DC, Bissell DM. Noninvasive measures of liver fibrosis. Hepatology. 2006;43(2 Suppl 1):S113-S120.

Rockstroh JK, Nelson M, Katlama C, et al. Efficacy and safety of grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK- 8742) in patients with hepatitis C virus and HIV co-infection (C-EDGE CO-INFECTION): a non-randomised, open-label trial. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(8):e319-327.

Rockstroh J, Lacombe K, Viani RM, Orkin C, Wyles D, Luetkemeyer A, et al. Efficacy and safety of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus-1: the EXPEDITION-2 Study [Abstract LBP-522]. In The International Liver Congress. EASL [Internet]. 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30467-1

Rockstroh JK, Bhagani S, Hyland RH, et al. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 6 weeks to treat acute hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 infection in patients with HIV coinfection: an open-label, single-arm trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(5):347-353.

Rockstroh JK, Lacombe K, Viani RM, et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1: the EXPEDITION-2 study. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(7):1010-1017.

Rodriguez-Torres M, Gaggar A, Shen G, et al. Sofosbuvir for chronic hepatitis C virus infection genotype 1-4 in patients coinfected with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(5):543-549.

Rogal SS, Yan P, Rimland D, et al. Electronically retrieved cohort of HCV infected veterans study group. Incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease after hepatitis C seroconversion: results from ERCHIVES. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(3):930-936.

Rosenthal P, Schwarz KB, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin therapy for children aged 3 to

Rosenthal P, Schwarz KB, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin therapy for children aged 3 to

Rossaro L, Torruellas C, Dhaliwal S, et al. Clinical outcomes of hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin via telemedicine consultation in Northern California. Botros J, Clark G, Li CS, Minoletti MM. Dig Dis Sci. 2013;58(12):3620-3625.

Roth D, Nelson DR, Bruchfeld A, et al. Grazoprevir plus elbasvir in treatment-naive and treatment experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (the C-SURFER study): a combination phase 3 study. Lancet. 2015;386(10003):1537-1545.

Rudd RA, Seth P, David F, Scholl L. Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths - United States, 2010-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(5051):1445-1452.

Ruiz JD, Molitor F, Sun RK, Mikanda J, Facer M, Colford JM, et al. Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among inmates entering the California correctional system. West J Med. 1999;170(3):156-160.

Saadoun D, M R-R, Thibault V, et al. PegIFNa/ribavirin/protease inhibitor combination in hepatitis C virus associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: results at week 24. Longuet M, Pol S, Blanc F, Pialoux G, Karras A, Bazin-Karra D, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(5):831-837.

Saag MS. Editorial commentary: getting smart in how we pay for HCV drugs: KAOS vs CONTROL. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(2):169-170.

Safdar K, Schiff ER. Alcohol and hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24(3):305-315.

Sageshima J, Troppmann C, McVicar JP, Santhanakrishnan C, deMattos AM, Perez RV. Impact of willingness to accept hepatitis C seropositive kidneys among hepatitis C RNA-positive waitlisted patients. Transplantation. 2018;(102):1179-1187.

Salazar-Vizcaya L, Kouyos RD, Zahnd C, et al, et al. Hepatitis C virus transmission among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men: modeling the effect of behavioral and treatment interventions. Hepatology. 2016;64(6):1856-1869.

Samandari T, Tedaldi E, Armon C, et al. Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in the human immunodeficiency virus outpatient study cohort, 2000-2013. Hart R, Chmiel JS, Brooks JT, Buchacz K, Investigators andthe HIVOu. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4(2):ofx076.

Information sheet on naltrexone therapy [Internet]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2019. https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/treatment/naltrexone

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Medication-assisted treatment, naltrexone [Internet]. 2020. https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/medications-counseling-related-conditions/naltrexone

Sangiovanni A, Prati GM, Fasani P, Ronchi G, Romeo R, Manini M, et al. The natural history of compensated cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus: a 17-year cohort study of 214 patients. Hepatology. 2006;43(6):1303-1310.

Sarkar S, Jiang Z, Evon DM, Wahed AS, Hoofnagle JH. Fatigue before, during and after antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C: results from the Virahep-C study. J Hepatol. 2012;57(5):946-952.

Sarrazin C, Dvory-Sobol H, Svarovskaia ES, et al. Prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions in HCV NS5A, NS5B, or NS3 and outcomes of treatment with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir. Doehle BP, Pang PS, Chuang SM, Ma J, Ding X, Afdhal NH, et al. Gastroenterology. 2016 June 11th ed. 2016;151(3):501-512.E1.

Sarrazin C, Isakov V, Svarovskaia ES. Late relapse versus hepatitis C virus reinfection in patients with sustained virologic response after sofosbuvir-based therapies. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(1):44-52.

Sarrazin C, Cooper CL, Manns MP, et al. No impact of resistance-associated substitutions on the efficacy of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir for 12 weeks in HCV DAA-experienced patients. J Hepatol. 2018;69(6):1221-1230.

Sawinski D, Kaur N, Ajeti A, et al. Successful treatment of hepatitis C in renal transplant recipients with direct-acting antiviral agents. Am J Transplant. 2016;16(5):1588-1595.

Sawinski D, Forde KA, Lo Re V, et al. Mortality and kidney transplantation outcomes among hepatitis C virus-seropositive maintenance dialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;73:815-826.

Saxena V, Koraishy FM, Sise ME, et al. HCV-TARGET. Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-containing regimens in hepatitis C-infected patients with impaired renal function. Liver Int. 2016 March 24th ed. 2016;36(6):807-816.

Saxena V, Khungar V, Verna EC, et al. Safety and efficacy of current DAA regimens in kidney and liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C: results from the HCV-TARGET study. Hepatology. 2017;66(4):1090-1101.

Sayiner M, Golabi P, Farhat F, Younossi ZM. Dermatologic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C infection. Clin Liver Dis. 2017;21(3):555-564.

Scalea J, Barth RN, Munivenkatappa R, Philosophe B, Cooper M, Whitlow V, et al. Shorter waitlist times and improved graft survivals are observed in patients who accept hepatitis C virus+ renal allografts. Transplantation. 2015;99:1192-1196.

Schackman BR, Leff JA, Barter DM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of rapid hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and simultaneous rapid HCV and HIV testing in substance abuse treatment programs. Addiction. 2015;110(1):129-143.

Schackman BR, Gutkind S, Morgan JR, et al. Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C screening and treatment linkage intervention in US methadone maintenance treatment programs. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;(185):411-420.

Schechter-Perkins EM, Miller NS, Hall J, et al. Implementation and preliminary results of an emergency department nontargeted, opt-out hepatitis C virus screening program. Acad Emerg Med. 2018;25(11):1226.

Schillie S, Wester C, Osborne M, Wesolowski L, Ryerson AB. CDC recommendations for hepatitis C screening among adults - United States, 2020. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2020;69(2):1-17.

Schlendorf KH, Zalawadiya S, Shah AS, et al. Expanding heart transplant in the era of direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. JAMA Cardiol [Internet]. 2020;5(2):167-174. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4748

Schmidt AJ, Rockstroh JK, Vogel M, der Heiden MAn, Baillot A, Krznaric I, et al. Trouble with bleeding: risk factors for acute hepatitis C among HIV-positive gay men from Germany--a case-control study. Jin X. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(3):e17781.

Schmidt AJ, Falcato L, Zahno B, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C in a Swiss sample of men who have sex with men: whom to screen for HCV infection?. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):3.

Schneider MD, Sarrazin C. Antiviral therapy of hepatitis C in 2014: do we need resistance testing?. Antiviral Res. 2014;105:64-71.

Schoenbachler BT, Smith BD, Sena AC, et al. Hepatitis C virus testing and linkage to care in North Carolina and South Carolina jails, 2012-2014. Hilton A, Bachman S, Lunda M, Spaulding AC. Public Health Rep. 2016;131(Suppl 2):98-104.

Schulkind J, Stephens B, Ahmad F, et al. High response and re-infection rates among people who inject drugs treated for hepatitis C in a community needle and syringe programme. J Viral Hepat. 2019;26(5):519-528.

Schwarz KB, Rosenthal P, Murray KF, et al. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 12 weeks in children 3 to

Sebastiani G, Halfon P, Castera L, Pol S, Thomas DL, Mangia A, et al. SAFE biopsy: a validated method for large-scale staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2009;49(6):1821-1827.

Seem DL, Lee I, Umscheid CA, Kuehnert MJ. Excerpt from PHS guideline for reducing HIV, HBV and HCV transmission through organ transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2013;13(8):1953-1962.

Seem DL, Lee I, Umscheid CA, Kuehnert MJ. PHS guideline for reducing human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus transmission through organ transplantation. Public Health Rep. 2013;128(4):247-343.

Selph S, Chou R. Impact of contacting study authors on systematic review conclusions: diagnostic tests for hepatic fibrosis. 2014.

Selvapatt N, Ward T, Bailey H, et al. Is antenatal screening for hepatitis C virus cost-effective? A decade's experience at a London centre. Bennett H, Thorne C, See L-M, Tudor-Williams G, Thursz M, McEwan P, et al. J Hepatology. 2015;63(4):797-804.

Shaw K, Gennat H, O'Rourke P, DelMar C. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;18(4):CD003817.

Shebl FM, El-Kamary SS, Saleh D'aA, et al. Prospective cohort study of mother-to-infant infection and clearance of hepatitis C in rural Egyptian villages. Abdel-Hamid M, Mikhail N, Allam A, El-Arabi H, Elhenawy I, El-Kafrawy S, et al. J Med Virol. 2009;81(6):1024-1031.

Shelton BA, Sawinski D, Mehta S, Reed RD, MacLennan PA, Locke JE. Kidney transplantation and waitlist mortality rates among candidates registered as willing to accept a hepatitis C infected kidney. Transpl Infect Dis. 2018;20:e12829.

Shiffman RN, Shekelle P, Overhage JM, Slutsky J, Grimshaw J, Deshpande AM. Standardized reporting of clinical practice guidelines: a proposal from the Conference on Guideline Standardization. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(6):493-498.

Simmons B, Saleem J, Hill A, Riley RD, Cooke GS. Risk of late relapse or reinfection with hepatitis C virus after achieving a sustained virological response: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(6):683-694.

Singal AG, Volk ML, Jensen D, Di Bisceglie AM, Schoenfeld PS. A sustained viral response is associated with reduced liver-related morbidity and mortality in patients with hepatitis C virus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8(3):280-288, 288e1.

Sise ME, Bloom AK, Wisocky J, et al. Treatment of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia with direct-acting antiviral agents. Lin MV, Gustafson JL, Lundquist AL, Steele D, Thiim M, Williams WW, et al. Hepatology. 2016;63(2):408-417.

Sise ME, Chute DF, Oppong Y, et al. Direct-acting antiviral therapy slows kidney function decline in patients with Hepatitis C virus infection and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2020;97(1):193-201.

Sise ME, Goldberg DS, Kort JJ, et al. Multicenter study to transplant hepatitis C-infected kidneys (MYTHIC): an open-label study of combined glecaprevir and pibrentasvir to treat recipients of transplanted kidneys from deceased donors with hepatitis C virus infection. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;31(11):2678-2687.

Sise ME, Goldberg DS, Schaubel DE, et al. One-year outcomes of the multi-center study to transplant hepatitis C-infected kidneys (MYTHIC) Trial. Kidney Int Rep [Internet]. 2021;7(2):241-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2021.11.022

El-Sadr WM, Lundgren JD, Neaton JD, et al, Smart-Study-Group . CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. Gordin F, Abrams D, Arduino RC, Babiker A, Burman W, Clumeck N, et al. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(22):2283-2296.

Smith BD, Morgan RL, Beckett GA, et al, et al. Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945-1965. Falck-Ytter Y, Holtzman D, Teo CG, Jewett A, Baack B, Rein DB, et al. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2012;61(RR-4):1-32.

Smith BD, Morgan RL, Beckett GA, Falck-Ytter Y, Holtzman D, Ward JW. Hepatitis C virus testing of persons born during 1945-1965: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(11):817-822.

Smith BD, Jewett A, Burt RD, Zibbell JE, Yartel AK, DiNenno E. "To share or not to share?" Serosorting by hepatitis C status in the sharing of drug injection equipment among NHBS-IDU2 participants. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(12):1934-1942.

Smith DE, Chen S, Fargnoli A, et al. Impact of early initiation of direct-acting antiviral therapy in thoracic organ transplantation from hepatitis C virus positive donors. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;33(2):407-415.

Smith DA, Bradshaw D, Mbisa JL, et al. Real world SOF/VEL/VOX retreatment outcomes and viral resistance analysis for HCV patients with prior failure to DAA therapy. J Viral Hepat [Internet]. 2021;28(9):1256-1264. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13549

Smolders EJ, Colbers EP, de Kanter CT, et al. Daclatasvir 30 mg/day is the correct dose for patients taking atazanavir/cobicistat. Velthoven-Graafland K, Drenth JPH, Burger DM. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(2):486-489.

Smookler D, Vanderhoff A, Biondi MJ, et al. Reducing read time of point-of-care test does not affect detection of hepatitis C virus and reduces need for reflex RNA. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;S1542-3565(20):31068-5.

Sobotka LA, Mumtaz K, Wellner MR, et al. Outcomes of Hepatitis C virus seropositive donors to hepatitis C virus seronegative liver recipients: a large single center analysis. Ann Hepatol [Internet]. 2021;24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100318

Söderholm J, Millbourn C, Büsch K, et al. Higher risk of renal disease in chronic hepatitis C patients: Antiviral therapy survival benefit in patients on hemodialysis. J Hepatol. 2018;68(5):904-911.

Solomon SS, Wagner-Cardoso S, Smeaton L, Smeaton L. A minimal monitoring approach for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection (ACTG A5360 [MINMON]): a phase 4, open-label, single-arm trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol [Internet]. 2022;7(4):307-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00397-6

Sordo L, Barrio G, Bravo MJ, et al. Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2017;(357):j1550.

Soriano V, Barreiro P, deMendoza C. Hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient during hepatitis C therapy. Hepatology. 2016;(63):2065-2066.

Soriano V, Benítez-Gutiérrez L, Arias A, et al. Evaluation of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir plus voxilaprevir as fixed-dose co-formulation for treating hepatitis C. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2017;13(9):1015-1022.

Spaulding AC, Weinbaum CM, Lau DT, et al. A framework for management of hepatitis C in prisons. Sterling RK, Seeff LB, Margolis HS, Hoofnagle JH. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(10):762-769.

Spaulding AC, Seals RM, McCallum VA, Perez SD, Brzozowski AK, Steenland NK. Prisoner survival inside and outside of the institution: implications for health-care planning. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(5):479-487.

Spaulding AC, Thomas DL. Screening for HCV infection in jails. JAMA. 2012;307(12):1259-1260.

Spaulding AS, Kim AY, Harzke AJo, et al. Impact of new therapeutics for hepatitis C virus infection in incarcerated populations. Sullivan JC, Linas BP, Brewer A, Dickert J, McGovern BH, Strick LB, et al. Top Antivir Med. 2013;21(1):27-35.

Spaulding AC, Sharma A, Messina LC, et al. A comparison of liver disease mortality with HIV and overdose mortality among Georgia prisoners and releasees: a 2-decade cohort study of prisoners incarcerated in 1991. Zlotorzynska M, Miller L, Binswanger IA. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(5):e51-e57.

Stein MR, Soloway IJ, Jefferson KS, Roose RJ, Arnsten JH, Litwin AH. Concurrent group treatment for hepatitis C: implementation and outcomes in a methadone maintenance treatment program. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012;43(4):424-432.

Stein BD, Gordon AJ, Dick AW, et al. Supply of buprenorphine waivered physicians: the influence of state policies. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2015;48(1):104-111.

Sterling RK, Lissen E, Clumeck N, et al. Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Hepatol. 2006;43(6):1317-1325.

Sterling RK, Zeuzem S, Wetzel T, et al. Safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for the treatment of HCV genotype 1-6: results from the HCV-TARGET study. International Liver Congress. Vienna, Austria; 2019.

Stewart ZA, Stern J, NM A, et al. Clinical and financial implications of 2 treatment strategies for donor-derived hepatitis C infections. Transplant Direct [Internet]. 2021;7(10):e762. https://doi.org/10.1097/txd.0000000000001222

Strathdee SA, Latka M, Campbell J, et al. Factors associated with interest in initiating treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young HCV-infected injection drug users. O'Driscoll PT, Golub ET, Kapadia F, Pollini RA, Garfein RS, Thomas DL, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(Suppl 5):S304-S312.

Su F, Green PK, Berry K, Ioannou GN. The association between race/ethnicity and the effectiveness of direct antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 2016;65(2):426-438.

Su F, Green PK, Ioannou GN. The Association association between race/ethnicity and the effectiveness of direct antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 2017;65(2):426-438.

Sulkowski MS, Sherman KE, Dieterich D, Bsharat M, Mahnke L, Rockstroh JK, et al. Combination therapy with telaprevir for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in patients with HIV: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(2):86-96.

Sulkowski MS, Naggie S, Lalezari J, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C in patients with HIV coinfection. Fessel WJ, Mounzer K, Shuhart M, Luetkemeyer AF, Asmuth D, Gaggar A, et al. JAMA. 2014;312(4):353-361.

Sulkowski MS, Gardiner DF, Rodriguez-Torres M, et al. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for previously treated or untreated chronic HCV infection. Reddy KR, Hassanein T, Jacobson IM, Lawitz EJ, Lok AS, Hinestrosa F, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(3):211-221.

Sulkowski MS, Eron JJ, Wyles DL, Trinh R, Lalezari J, Wang C, et al. Ombitasvir, paritaprevir co-dosed with ritonavir, dasabuvir, and ribavirin for hepatitis C in patients co-infected with HIV-1: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2015;313(12):1223-1231.

Sulkowski MS, Hézode C, Gerstoft J, et al. Efficacy and safety of 8 weeks versus 12 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin in patients with HCV GT1 mono-infection and HIV/HCV coinfection (C-WORTHY): a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Vierling JM, Mallolas J, Pol S, Kugelmas M, Murillo A, Weis N, et al. Lancet. 2015;285(9973):1087-1097.

Sulkowski MS, Chuang WL, Kao JH, et al. No evidence of reactivation of hepatitis B virus among patients treated with ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(9):1202-1204.

Sulkowski M, Cheng WH, Marx S, Y Gonzalez S, Strezewski J, Reau N. Estimating the Year Each State in the United States Will Achieve the World Health Organization's Elimination Targets for Hepatitis C. Adv Ther. 2021;38(1):423-440.

Sulkowski M, Telep LE, Colombo M, Durand F, Reddy KR, Lawitz E, et al. Sofosbuvir and risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline or end-stage renal disease in patients with renal impairment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther [Internet]. 2022;55(9):1169-1178. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16830

Summa V, Ludmerer SW, McCauley JA, et al. MK-5172, a selective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease with broad activity across genotypes and resistant variants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(8):4161-4167.

Suryaprasad AG, White JZ, Xu F. Emerging epidemic of hepatitis C virus infections among young nonurban persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2006–2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;(59):1411-1419.

Svarovskaia ES, Dvory-Sobol H, Parkin N, et al. Infrequent development of resistance in genotype 1-6 hepatitis C virus-infected subjects treated with sofosbuvir in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. Hebner C, Gontcharova V, Martin R, Ouyang W, Han B, Xu S, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(12):1666-1674.

Svoboda J, Andreadis C, Downs LH, Miller WT, Tsai DE, Schuster SJ. Regression of advanced non-splenic marginal zone lymphoma after treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Leuk Lymphoma. 2005;46(9):1365-1368.

Swain MG, Lai MY, Shiffman ML, Cooksley WG, Zeuzem S, Dieterich D, et al. A sustained virologic response is durable in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(5):1593-1601.

Tada T, Kurosaki M, Nakamura S, et al. Real-world clinical outcomes of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir treatment in HCV genotype 1- and 2-infected patients with decompensated cirrhosis: A nationwide multicenter study by the Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group. J Med Virol [Internet]. 2021;93(11):6247-6256. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27157

Takahashi K, Nishida N, Kawabata H, Haga H, Chiba T. Regression of Hodgkin lymphoma in response to antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection. Intern Med. 2012;51(19):2745-2747.

Takayama H, Sato T, Ikeda F, Ikeda F. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus during interferon-free therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir in patient with hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection. Hepatol Res. 2015 Sep 30th ed. 2016;46(5):489-91.

Takehara T, Sakamoto N, Nishiguchi S, et al. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir with or without ribavirin in HCV-infected Japanese patients with decompensated cirrhosis: an open-label phase 3 trial. J Gastroenterol. 2019;54(1):87-95.

Takikawa H, Yamazaki R, Shoji S, Miyake K, Yamanaka M. Normalization of urinary porphyrin level and disappearance of skin lesions after successful interferon therapy in a case of chronic hepatitis C complicated with porphyria cutanea tarda. J Hepatol. 1995;22(2):249-250.

Talal AH, Andrews P, Mcleod A, et al. Integrated, co-located, telemedicine-based treatment approaches for hepatitis C virus (HCV) management in opioid use disorder patients on methadone. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(2):323-331.

Tan J, Surti B, Saab S. Pregnancy and cirrhosis. Liver Transpl. 2008;14(8):1081-1091.

Tang L, Parker A, Flores Y, et al. Treatment of hepatitis C with 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir: highly effective in a predominantly black male patient population. J Viral Hepat. 2018;25(2):205-208.

Tasillo A, Salomon JA, Trikalinos TA, Horsburgh, Jr CR, Marks SM, Linas BP. Cost-effectiveness of testing and treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in residents born outside the United States with and without medical comorbidities in a simulation model. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(12):1755-1764.

Tasillo A, Eftekhari-Yazdi G, Nolen S, et al. Short-term effects and long-term cost-effectiveness of universal hepatitis C testing in prenatal care. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(2):289-300.

Tedaldi E, Peters L, Neuhaus J, et al. Opportunistic disease and mortality in patients coinfected with hepatitis B or C virus in the strategic management of antiretroviral therapy (SMART) study. Puoti M, Rockstroh JK, Klein MB, Dore GJ, Mocroft A, Soriano V, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(11):1468-1475.

Terrault NA, Roland ME, Schiano T, Dove L, Wong MT, Poordad F, et al. Outcomes of liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. Liver Transpl. 2012;18(6):716-726.

Terrault NA, Zeuzem S, Di Bisceglie AM, Lim JK, Pockros PJ, Frazier LM, et al. HCV-TARGET study group. Effectiveness of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir combination in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and factors associated with sustained virologic response. Gastroenterology. 2016;151(6):1131-1140.e5.

Terrault NA, McCaughan GW, Curry MP, Gane E, Fagiuoli S, Fung JYY, et al. International Liver Transplantation Society consensus statement on hepatitis C management in liver transplant candidates. Transplantation. 2017;101(5):945-955.

Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018;67(4):1560‐1599.

Terrault NA, Burton J, Ghobrial M, et al. Prospective multicenter study of early antiviral therapy in liver and kidney transplant recipients of HCV-viremic donors. Hepatology. 2020;.

Thein HH, Yi Q, Dore GJ, Krahn MD. Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected individuals and the impact of HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a meta-analysis. AIDS. 2008;22(15):1979-1991.

Thomas DL, Villano SA, Riester KA, Hershow R, Mofenson LM, Landesman SH, et al. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mothers. Women and infants transmission study. J Infect Dis. 1998;177(6):1480-1488.

Thomas DL. The challenge of hepatitis C in the HIV-infected person. Annu. Rev. Med. 2008;59:473-485.

Thompson A, Zeuzem S, Rockstroh JK, Kwo PY, Roth D, Lawitz EJ, et al. The combination of grazoprevir and elbasvir +RBV is highly effective for the treatment of GT1a-infected patients. The Liver Meeting 2015. San Francisco, CA; 2015.

Thorpe J, Saeed S, Moodie EE, Klein MB. Antiretroviral treatment interruption leads to progression of liver fibrosis in HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infection. AIDS. 2011;25(7):967-975.

Tice JA, Chahal HS, Ollendorf DA. Comparative clinical effectiveness and value of novel interferon-free combination therapy for hepatitis C genotype 1 summary of California technology assessment forum report. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(9):1559-1560.

Tieu HV, Laeyendecker O, Nandi V, et al. Prevalence and mapping of hepatitis C infections among men who have sex with men in New York City. PLoS One. 2018;:13:e0200269.

Todesco E, Day N, Amiel C, et al. High clustering of acute HCV infections and high rate of associated STIs among Parisian HIV-positive male patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019;53(5):678-681.

Torgersen J, Newcomb CW, Carbonari DM, et al. Protease inhibitor-based direct-acting antivirals are associated with increased risk of aminotransferase elevations but not hepatic dysfunction or decompensation. J Hepatol [Internet]. 2021;75(6):1312-1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.07.021

Torres HA, Mahale P. Most patients with HCV-associated lymphoma present with mild liver disease: a call to revise antiviral treatment prioritization. Liver Int. 2015;35(6):1661-1664.

Torres HA, Hosry J, Mahale P, Economides MP, Jiang Y, Lok AS. Hepatitis C virus reactivation in patients receiving cancer treatment: a prospective observational study. Hepatology. 2017;67(1):36-47.

Torres HA, Hosry J, Mahale P, Economides MP, Jiang Y, Lok AS. Hepatitis C virus reactivation in patients receiving cancer treatment: A prospective observational study. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):36-47.

Trooskin SB, Poceta J, Towey CM, Yolken A, Rose JS, Luqman NL, et al. Results from a geographically focused, community-based HCV screening, linkage-to-care and patient navigation program. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(7):950-957.

Trudeau S, Mendiratta V, Dababneh Y, Hollingsworth J, Gordon SC. Letter to the Editor: Successful treatment of multidrug resistant hepatitis C after >12 months of continuous therapy with direct-acting antivirals. Hepatology. 2022;.

Turner SS, Gianella S, Yip MJ-S, van Seggelen WO, Gillies RD, Foster AL, et al. Shedding of hepatitis C virus in semen of human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016;3(2).

Tyson GL, Kramer JR, Duan Z, Davila JA, Richardson PA, El-Serag HB. Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis B virus coinfection in a United States cohort of hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Hepatology. 2013;58(2):538-545.

Ueda Y, Kobayashi T, Ikegami T, et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir treatment for 8 or 12 weeks in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: a Japanese multicenter experience. J Gastroenterol. 2019;54(7):660-666.

Urbanus AT, van de Laar TJ, Stolte IG, Schinkel J, Heijman T, Coutinho RA, et al. Hepatitis C virus infections among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: an expanding epidemic. AIDS. 2009;23(12):F1-F7.

Prescription drug pricing in the private sector. 2015.

US GAO. An overview of approaches to negotiate drug prices used by other countries and US private payers and dederal programs [Internet]. 2015. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-07-358T

US Senate Committee on Finance. The price of Sovaldi and its impact on the US health care system. 2016.

US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. 2013.

van de Laar TJW, van der Bij AK, Prins M, Bruisten SM, Brinkman K, Ruys TA, et al. Increase in HCV incidence among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam most likely caused by sexual transmission. J Infect Dis. 2007;196(2):230-238.

van de Laar T, Pybus O, Bruisten S, Brown D, Nelson M, Bhagani S, et al. Evidence of a large, international network of HCV transmission in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(5):1609-1617.

van de Laar TJ, Matthews GV, Prins M, Danta M. Acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: an emerging sexually transmitted infection. AIDS. 2010;24(12):1799-1812.

van der Meer AJ, Veldt BJ, Feld JJ, Wedemeyer H, Dufour JF, Lammert F, et al. Association between sustained virological response and all-cause mortality among patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced hepatic fibrosis. JAMA. 2012;308(24):2584-2593.

vanTilborg M, Al-Marzooqi SH, Wong WWL. HCV core antigen as an alternative to HCV RNA testing in the era of direct-acting antivirals: retrospective screening and diagnostic cohort studies. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3(12):856-864.

Vanhommerig JW, Lambers FA, Schinkel J, Geskus RB, Arends JE, van de Laar TJ, et al. Risk factors for sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men: a case-control study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015;2(3):ofv115.

Varan AK, Mercer DW, Stein MS, Spaulding AC. Hepatitis C seroprevalence among prison inmates since 2001: still high but declining. Public Health Rep. 2014;129(2):187-195.

Vaux S, Chevaliez S, Saboni L, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C infection, screening and associated factors among men who have sex with men attending gay venues: a cross-sectional survey (PREVAGAY), France, 2015. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:315.

Vega AD, Hynicka LM, Claeys K, Chua JV, Heil EL. Effectiveness of 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for hepatitis C in HCV-HIV-coinfected patients. Antivir Ther. 2019;24(1):11-17.

Veldt BJ, Heathcote EJ, Wedemeyer H, Reichen J, Hofmann WP, Zeuzem S, et al. Sustained virologic response and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(10):677-684.

Vermeersch P, Van RM, Lagrou K. Validation of a strategy for HCV antibody testing with two enzyme immunoassays in a routine clinical laboratory. J Clin Virol. 2008;42(4):394-398.

Verna EC, Morelli G, Terrault NA, et al. DAA therapy and long-term hepatic function in advanced/decompensated cirrhosis: real-world experience from HCV-TARGET cohort. J Hepatol. 2020;S0168-8278(20):30193-30198.

Villano SA, Vlahov D, Nelson KE, Cohn S, Thomas DL. Persistence of viremia and the importance of long-term follow-up after acute hepatitis C infection. Hepatology. 1999;29(3):908-914.

Volk JE, Marcus JL, Phengrasamy T, et al. No new HIV Infections with increasing use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis in a clinical practice setting. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(10):1601-1603.

Volkow ND, Frieden TR, Hyde PS, Cha SS. Medication-assisted therapies--tackling the opioid-overdose epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(22):2063-2066.

Volkow ND, Collins FS. The role of science in addressing the opioid crisis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(4):391-394.

vonFelden J, Vermehren J, Ingiliz P, et al. High efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and impact of baseline resistance-associated substitutions in hepatitis C genotype 3 infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47(9):1288-1295.

Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, et al. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38(2):518-526.

Waked I, Shiha G, Qadish RB. Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection in Egyptian patients with or without compensated cirrhosis (AGATE-II): a multicentre, phase 3, partly randomised open-label trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;1(1):36-44.

Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, et al. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f174.

Wandeler G, Gsponer T, Bregenzer A, Gunthard HF, Clerc O, Calmy A, et al. Hepatitis C virus infections in the Swiss HIV cohort study: a rapidly evolving epidemic. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(10):1408-1416.

Wang C, Jia L, O'Boyle DR, Sun JH, Rigat K, Valera L, et al. Comparison of daclatasvir resistance barriers on NS5A from hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 to 6: implications for cross-genotype activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(9):5155-5163.

Wang C, Chen J, Ji D, et al. Hepatitis due to reactivation of hepatitis B virus in endemic areas among patients with hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;15(1):132-136.

Ward J, Hall W, Mattick RP. Role of maintenance treatment in opioid dependence. The Lancet. 1999;353(9148):221-226.

Ward KM, Falade-Nwulia O, Moon J. Randomized controlled trial of cash incentives or peer mentors to improve HCV linkage and treatment among HIV/HCV coinfected persons who inject drugs: the CHAMPS Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(4):ofz166.

Waruingi W, Mhanna MJ, Kumar D, Abughali N. Hepatitis C virus universal screening versus risk based selective screening during pregnancy. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2015;8(4):371-378.

Watts T, Stockman L, Martin J, Guilfoyle S, Vergeront JM. Increased risk for mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus among Medicaid recipients - Wisconsin, 2011-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(42):1136-1139.

Waziry R, Hajarizadeh B, Grebely J, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma risk following direct-acting antiviral HCV therapy: a systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regression. J Hepatol. 2017;67(6):1204-1212.

Wedemeyer H, Duberg AS, Buti M, Rosenberg WM, Frankova S, Esmat GE, et al. Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden. J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(Suppl 1):60-89.

Wei L, Lim SG, Xie Q, et al. Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Asia: a single-arm, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4(2):127-134.

Weinbaum C, Lyerla R, Margolis HS, Margolis HS. Prevention and control of infections with hepatitis viruses in correctional settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003;52(RR-1):1-36.

Weinbaum CM, Williams IT, Mast EE, Mast EE. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57(RR-8):1-20.

Weiss RD, Potter JS, Fiellin DA, Byrne M, et al. Adjunctive counseling during brief and extended buprenorphine-naloxone treatment for prescription opioid dependence: a 2-phase randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(12):1238-1246.

Welzel TM, Petersen J, Herzer K, et al. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, achieved high sustained virological response rates in patients with HCV infection and advanced liver disease in a real-world cohort. Gut. 2016;65(11):1861-1870.

Welzel TM, Zeuzem S, Petersen J, et al. Safety and efficacy of daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype 3 infection: interim results of a multicenter European compassionate use program [abstract 37]. In Presented at the Liver Meeting 2016. San Francisco, CA; 2016.

Welzel TM, Zeuzem S, Dumas EO, et al. GARNET: high SVR rates following eight-week treatment with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir for patients with HCV genotype 1b infection [abstract 163]. New Perspectives in Hepatitis C Virus Infection - The Roadmap for Cure, September 23-24, 2016. Paris, France; 2016.

Wermeling DP. Review of naloxone safety for opioid overdose: practical considerations for new technology and expanded public access. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2015;6(1):20-31.

Westin J, Lagging LM, Spak F, Aires N, Svensson E, Lindh M, et al. Moderate alcohol intake increases fibrosis progression in untreated patients with hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat. 2002;9(3):235-241.

White DL, Ratziu V, El-Serag HB. Hepatitis C infection and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2008;49(5):831-844.

Whitlock EP, Polen MR, Green CA, Orleans T, Klein J. Behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce risky/harmful alcohol use by adults: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(7):557-568.

WHO Guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis C infection. 2016 p. 138.

Wijarnpreecha K, Thongprayoon C, Sanguankeo A, Upala S, Ungprasert P, Cheungpasitporn W. Hepatitis C infection and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2017;41(1):39-45.

Wilder JM, Jeffers LJ, Ravendhran N, et al. Safety and efficacy of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir in black patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a retrospective analysis of phase 3 data. Hepatology. 2016;63(2):437-444.

Wiley TE, McCarthy M, Breidi L, McCarthy M, Layden TJ. Impact of alcohol on the histological and clinical progression of hepatitis C infection. Hepatology. 1998;28(3):805-809.

Williams IT, Bell BP, Kuhnert W, Alter MJ. Incidence and transmission patterns of acute hepatitis C in the United States, 1982-2006. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(3):242-248.

Wilson E, Covert E, Hoffman J, et al. A pilot study of safety and efficacy of HCV retreatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in patients with or without HIV (RESOLVE study). J Hepatol. 2019;71(3):498-504.

Wirth S, Rosenthal P, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in adolescents 12-17 years old with hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 infection. Hepatology. 2017;66(4):1102-1110.

Witt MD, Seaberg EC, Darilay A, Young S, Badri S, Rinaldo CR, et al. Incident hepatitis C virus infection in men who have sex with men: a prospective cohort analysis, 1984-2011. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(1):77-84.

Wohl DA, Allmon AG, Evon D. Financial incentives for adherence to hepatitis C virus clinical care and treatment: a randomized trial of two strategies. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4(2):ofx095.

Wong KA, Worth A, Martin R, Svarovskaia ES, Brainard DM, Lawitz EJ, et al. Characterization of Hepatitis C virus resistance from a multiple-dose clinical trial of the novel NS5A inhibitor GS-5885. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(12):6333-6340.

Wong RJ, Nguyen MT, Trinh HN, et al. Community-based real-world treatment outcomes of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir in Asians with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 6 in the US. J Viral Hepatitis. 2017;24(1):17-21.

Wong JB, Cohen JT. Cost-effective but bad for health? Hepatitis C treatment, moral hazard, and opportunity cost. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(6):838-840.

Wong YJ, Thurairajah PH, Kumar R, et al. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in a real-world chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 cohort. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;36(5):1300-1308.

Woolley AE, Singh SK, Goldberg HJ, et al. Heart and lung transplants from HCV-infected donors to uninfected recipients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(17):1606-1617.

Wu DB, Jiang W, Wang YH, et al. Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-based direct-acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus genotype 6 in Southwest China: Real-world experience of a retrospective study. J Viral Hepat. 2019;26(3):316-322.

Wyles DL, Ruane PJ, Sulkowski MS, Dieterich D, Luetkemeyer A, Morgan TR, et al. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for HCV in patients coinfected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(8):714-725.

Wyles DL, Pockros P, Morelli G, Younes Z, Svarovskaia ES, Yang JC, et al. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus previously treated in clinical trials of sofosbuvir regimens. Hepatology. 2015;61(6):1793-1797.

Wyles DL, Brau N, Kottilil S, et al. Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Fixed Dose Combination for 12 Weeks in Patients Co-infected with HCV and HIV-1: The Phase 3 ASTRAL-5 Study Abstract PS104. In International Liver Congress 2016. April 13-17. Barcelona, Spain; 2016.

Wyles D, Mangia A, Cheng W, Shafran S, Schwabe C, Ouyang W, et al. Long-term persistence of HCV NS5A resistance associated substitutions after treatment with the HCV NS5A inhibitor, ledipasvir, without sofosbuvir [Epub ahead of print]. Antiviral Therapy. 2017;.

Wyles D, Bräu N, Kottilil S, Daar ES, Ruane P, Workowski K, et al.. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for the treatment of HCV in patients coinfected with HIV-1: an open-label, phase 3 study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(1):6-12.

Wyles D, Poordad F, Wang S, Alric L, Felizarta F, Kwo PY, et al. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 3 patients with cirrhosis and/or prior treatment experience: a partially randomized phase 3 clinical trial: viral hepatitis. Hepatology. 2018;67(2):514-523.

Wyles DL, Mangia A, Cheng W, et al. Long-term persistence of HCV NS5A resistance associated substitutions after treatment with the HCV NS5A inhibitor, ledipasvir, without sofosbuvir. Antivir Ther. 2018;23(3):229-238.

Wyles D, Weiland O, Yao B, et al. Retreatment of patients who failed glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2019;70(5):1019-1023.

Yao BB, Fredrick LM, Schnell G, et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with HCV genotype 5/6: an integrated analysis of phase 2/3 studies. Liver Int. 2020;.

Yattoo GN. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir combination during pregnancy [Abstract]. Hepatol Int. 2018;12(Suppl. 2):S292-S293.

Yeh WW, Feng HP, Auger P, et al. Drug-drug interactions with grazoprevir/elbasvir: practical considerations for the care of HIV/HCV coinfected patients [abstract 63]. Presented at the International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV and Hepatitis Therapy; Washington, DC; May 26-28, 2015.

Yehia BR, Schranz AJ, Umscheid CA, Lo Re, V 3rd. The treatment cascade for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e101554.

Yeung LT, To T, King SM, Roberts EA. Spontaneous clearance of childhood hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat. 2007;14:797-805.

Yoneda M, Saito S, Ikeda T, Fujita K, Mawatari H, Kirikoshi H, et al. Hepatitis C virus directly associates with insulin resistance independent of the visceral fat area in nonobese and nondiabetic patients. J Viral Hepat. 2007;14(9):600-607.

Yoshida EM, Kwo P, Agarwal K, Duvoux C, Durand F, Peck-Radosavljevic M, et al. Persistence of virologic response after liver transplant in hepatitis C patients treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir plus ribavirin pretransplant. Ann Hepatol. 2017;16(3):375-381.

Younossi ZM, Zheng L, Stepanova M, Venkatesan C, Mir HM. Moderate, excessive or heavy alcohol consumption: each is significantly associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(7):703-709.

Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Nader F, Jacobson IM, Gane EJ, Nelson DR, et al. Patient-reported outcomes in chronic hepatitis C patients with cirrhosis treated with sofosbuvir-containing regimens. Hepatology. 2014;59(6):2161-2169.

Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Henry L, Gane EJ, Jacobson IM, Lawitz EJ, et al. Effects of sofosbuvir-based treatment, with and without interferon, on outcome and productivity of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(8):1349-1359.

Younossi ZM, Park H, Saab S, Ahmed A, Dieterich D, Gordon SC. Cost-effectiveness of all-oral ledipasvir/sofosbuvir regimens in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2015;41(6):544-563.

Younossi ZM, Jiang Y, Smith NJ, Stepanova M, Beckerman R. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir regimens for chronic hepatitis C infection: Insights from a work productivity economic model from the United States. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1471-1478.

Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Afdhal NH, Kowdley KV, Zeuzem S, Henry L, et al. Improvement of health-related quality of life and work productivity in chronic hepatitis C patients with early and advanced fibrosis treated with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir. J Hepatol. 2015;63(2):337-345.

Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Sulkowski MS, Naggie S, Puoti M, Orkin C, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus and HIV: the impact on patient-reported outcomes. J Infect Dis. 2015;212(3):367-377.

Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Feld J, Zeuzem S, Jacobson I, Agarwal K, et al. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir improves patient-reported outcomes in HCV patients: results from ASTRAL-1 placebo-controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2016;65(1):33-39.

Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Henry L, Nader F, Hunt S. An in-depth analysis of patient-reported outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with different anti-viral regimens. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(6):808-816.

Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Jacobson I. Not achieving sustained viral eradication of hepatitis C virus after treatment leads to worsening of patient-reported outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;:pii: ciz243.

Zahnd C, Salazar-Vizcaya LP, Dufour JF, Mullhaupt B, Wandeler G, Kouyos R, et al. Impact of deferring HCV treatment on liver-related events in HIV+ patients. In Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) February 23-26. Seattle, WA; 2015.

Zahnd C, Salazar-Vizcaya LP, Dufour JF, et al. Modelling the impact of deferring HCV treatment on liver-related complications in HIV coinfected men who have sex with men. J Hepatol. 2016;65(1):26-32.

Zarski JP, Bohn B, Bastie A, Pawlotsky JM, Baud M, Bost-Bezeaux F, et al. Characteristics of patients with dual infection by hepatitis B and C viruses. J Hepatol. 1998;28(1):27-33.

Zelenev A, Mazhnaya A, Basu S, Altice FL. Hepatitis C virus treatment as prevention in an extended network of people who inject drugs in the USA: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(2):215-224.

Merck & Co. Inc. Zepatier Package insert. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; 2019.

Zeuzem S, Jacobson IM, Baykal T, Marinho RT, Poordad F, Bourliere M, et al. Retreatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(17):1604-1614.

Zeuzem S, Dusheiko GM, Salupere R, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in HCV genotypes 2 and 3. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1993-2001.

Zeuzem S, Ghalib R, K. Reddy R, Pockros PJ, Ben Ari, iv Z, Zhao Y, et al. Grazoprevir-elbasvir combination therapy for treatment-naive cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1, 4, or 6 infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(1):1-13.

Zeuzem S, Rockstroh JK, Kwo PY, et al. Predictors of response to grazoprevir/elbasvir among HCV genotype 1 (GT1)–infected patients: integrated analysis of phase 2-3 trials [abstract 700]. In Liver Meeting 2015. San Francisco, CA; 2015.

Zeuzem S, Ghalib R, Reddy KR, Pockros PJ, Ari ZB, Zhao Y, et al. Grazoprevir-Elbasvir Combination Therapy for Treatment-Naive Cirrhotic and Noncirrhotic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1, 4, or 6 Infection: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(1):1-13.

Zeuzem S, Feld J, Wang S. ENDURANCE-1: efficacy and safety of 8- versus 12-week treatment with ABT-493/ABT-530 in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection [abstract 253]. In The Liver Meeting 2016. Boston, MA; 2016.

Zeuzem S, Mizokami M, Pianko S, Mangia A, Han KH, Martin R, et al. NS5A resistance-associated substitutions in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus: prevalence and effect on treatment outcome. J Hepatol. 2017;66(5):910-918.

Zeuzem S, Foster GR, Wang S, et al. Glecaprevir-pibrentasvir for 8 or 12 weeks in HCV genotype 1 or 3 Infection. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2018;378(4):354-369. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1702417

Zibbell JE, Asher AK, Patel RC, et al. Increases in acute hepatitis C virus infection related to a growing opioid epidemic and associated injection drug use, United States, 2004 to 2014. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(2):175-181.

Ziol M, Handra-Luca A, Kettaneh A, Christidis C, Mal F, Kazemi F, et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2005;41(1):48-54.

Zuckerman E, Ashkenasi E, Kovaleve Y, et al. The real world Israeli experience of treating chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with advanced fibrosis with parataprevir/ ritonavir/ ombitasvir, dasabuvir with or without ribavirin: a large, multi-center cohort. J Hepatology. 2016;64(2):S137.

Øvrehus ALH, Blach S, Christensen PB, Gerstoft J, Weis N, Krarup H, et al.. Impact of prioritizing treatment in a high resource setting - minimizing the burden of HCV related disease in 15 years [P074]. J Hepatol. 2015;62(Suppl 2):S591-S592.